truth in the things they carried essay

• Skip to primary navigation
• Skip to main content
• Skip to primary sidebar

Ransom Center Magazine

June 20, 2017 , Filed Under: Books + Manuscripts , Research + Teaching

The textual “truth” behind Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried

Tim O’Brien’s  The Things They Carried is a ground-breaking meditation on war, memory, imagination, and the redemptive power of storytelling. The book depicts the men of Alpha Company: Jimmy Cross, Henry Dobbins, Rat Kiley, Mitchell Sanders, Norman Bowker, Kiowa, and the character Tim O’Brien, who survived his tour in Vietnam to become a father and writer. The Harry Ransom Center holds the author’s archive .

Two of the most poignant stories in The Things They Carried are “On the Rainy River” and “Field Trip.” “Rainy River” portrays a young O’Brien, weeks removed from his college graduation, leaving his home in Worthington, Minnesota, for a fishing outpost on the Canadian border, agonizing over whether to report for Army induction or to live as a draft dodger. In “Field Trip,” O’Brien returns to Vietnam many years after his tour of duty as a foot soldier and radio operator, now with his ten-year-old daughter, Kathleen, as he seeks some measure of peace from the traumatic memories of a close comrade’s death. Because these stories are removed from the daily realities of the war, they tend to be more accessible to O’Brien’s audience. But in the original version of Things , readers would have turned the page to discover that neither of these stories is “true.”

Throughout The Things They Carried , O’Brien famously distinguishes between “happening-truth,” or an accurate and verifiable account of historical events, and “story truth,” or readers’ genuine experience of the story, even if the details are invented. The book blurs the lines between fiction and truth even further in its dedication to a group of soldiers who turn out to be fictional characters throughout the rest of the book, and in the appearance of “Tim O’Brien” in several stories, a figure who seems very similar to, but not quite identical with, the author. Many readers, and most of my students over many years of teaching the book, take the circumstances of “Rainy River” and “Field Trip” to be at least more or less true (in the conventional sense): they assume that O’Brien made some sort of trip away from his family while deciding whether to honor his draft notice, even if not precisely the one portrayed here, and that O’Brien and his daughter went back to Vietnam years after the war, even if, again, the “real” version of that event differs from its fictional representation. (That is, they take these stories to be relatively conventional instances of fiction based on episodes from the author’s life, even if contained within a much more complex metafictional narrative.)

In fact, while O’Brien did agonize about serving in a war he vehemently opposed, he never made any trip like the one in “Rainy River;” his worries played out entirely in Worthington. And, while O’Brien did return to Vietnam in 1994, accompanied by his then girlfriend—this trip is the subject of his well-known piece for The New York Times Magazine , “The Vietnam in Me”—his daughter did not go with him, because he had no children. In the typescript for the book that O’Brien sent to Houghton Mifflin, the chapter titled “Good Form,” which discusses O’Brien’s interactions with the (ostensibly real) veteran Norman Bowker, also included a long passage disavowing any happening-truth in “Rainy River” or “Field Trip,” or in various other events in the book, such as O’Brien’s empathetic imagination of the Vietnamese life he has ended by shooting an enemy soldier on patrol, or a postwar visit from his former company commander, Jimmy Cross. Here is a portion of that early version (I have retained the cross-throughs as they appear in the copy at the Harry Ransom Center):

I don’t have a daughter named Kathleen. I don’t have a daughter. I don’t have children. To my knowledge, at least, I never killed anyone. Jimmy Cross never visited me at my house in Massachusetts, because of course Jimmy Cross does not exist in the world of objects, and never did. He’s purely invented, like Martha, and like Kiowa or Mitchell Sanders and all the others. I never ran way to the Rainy River. I wanted to—badly—but I didn’t .

I came across this typescript during a month-long fellowship at the Ransom Center, poring through as many of O’Brien’s papers as I could, and have written about it more extensively in How to Revise a True War Story: Tim O’Brien’s Process of Textual Production (University of Iowa Press, 2017). Ever since my first encounter with this aspect of O’Brien’s papers, I have been fascinated by the question of how readers would interact differently with the book if passages like this one (and another deleted chapter, “The Real Mary Anne,” which takes the opposite tack of insisting that the heroine of “Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong” was, against the odds, an actual person) had been retained. Or, to put that counterfactual question another way: how might O’Brien’s real readers have responded to the version(s) of The Things They Carried that could have been published, but weren’t? We can start to think through those questions by looking back further than the typescript, to the magazine versions of several chapters that appeared before the book.

O’Brien’s Magazine Readers

While the relationship between fiction and truth is questioned elsewhere in The Things They Carried for readers to at least reasonably doubt the veracity of stories like “Rainy River” and “Field Trip,” some of O’Brien’s original readers would have had no such contextual cues, as they found these stories in magazines. “Rainy River” appeared first in two periodicals: Macalester Today , O’Brien’s college alumni magazine, and Playboy , which paid $5,000, the largest magazine check of O’Brien’s career to that point. Macalester Today heightens the sense of autobiographical reality with its subheading, “A writer remembers the summer of 1968, when he found himself in desperate trouble. A month after graduating from Macalester, he was drafted to serve in Vietnam.” But O’Brien’s own introduction to the story immediately undercuts this impression, as he explains his choice to use a character who shares his name but is otherwise “almost entirely invented”: “Personally, I can’t see that it matters in the least—what counts is the artifact, the work itself—but nonetheless, with this book in particular, people seem interested in knowing what’s ‘real’ and what isn’t. As with all fiction, the answer is simple: if you believe it, it’s real; if you don’t, it isn’t.” O’Brien here deftly sidesteps the question of what’s “real,” at least as most of his readers would understand it, or why they might be especially concerned about such issues with this book, for an answer that bleeds into his more developed sense of “story truth” in the book. But given the context of an alumni magazine, we might easily assume readers who are at least relatively predisposed to take the events in “Rainy River” as closer to “real” than they are, based not only on the question of whether they “believe it,” but also on the types of stories one expects to find in this venue.

“Field Trip” appeared in the August 1990 issue of McCall’s , part of the magazine’s “Summer Fiction Special,” with a readership presumably attuned to the father-daughter relationship as much as the memories of wartime trauma. Indeed, the pull quote on the story’s first page highlights O’Brien’s supposed daughter as if she were the story’s central consciousness: “Kathleen was only ten, but her father wanted her to understand Vietnam, the place where he’d lost so much, and to witness what it was he’d find there.” McCall’s readers, had they encountered a version of the book with the passage above from “Good Form” intact, might have been especially surprised, even dismayed, to discover Kathleen’s fictionality. Of course, that’s often the point in The Things They Carried , as in the famous ending of “How to Tell a True War Story,” when the reader learns that the savage killing of a baby water buffalo was an overtly fictional episode. Identifying with O’Brien as a father, and/or with his young daughter’s attempt to make sense of a war she doesn’t understand, only to have the fictional rug pulled out, seems on its surface like the same kind of effect that the book goes to considerable lengths to create in its other chapters.

So, why did O’Brien remove these elements of The Things They Carried ? That is, why did he render the narrative less overtly metafictional, and how does this revision impact readers of the editions actually published? Part of the answer is that O’Brien’s editor at Houghton Mifflin, Camille Hykes, felt the collection would be stronger without its tricks exposed quite so much. “Why should the magician pull up his sleeve & tell us—Look, this is where the birds come from—when really, deep down, we knew it anyway?” she wrote to O’Brien. And O’Brien himself clearly decided this version of the book would more subtly, and more effectively, generate its metafictional effects.

But I’m not so sure. Much of the real power of The Things They Carried , for me, comes precisely from the process of building emotional investments in its characters, and then rebuilding those relationships on different terms once we have been told, in no uncertain terms, that the “people” we have come to care about don’t “exist in the world of objects.” We probably knew it all along, as Hykes suggests, but the best magic tricks, after all, are the ones where you know it’s an illusion but still can’t quite figure out what’s really “true.”

John K. Young is a professor of English at Marshall University and author of Black Writers, White Publishers (2006); Publishing Blackness , co-edited with George Hutchinson (2013), and How to Revise a True War Story (2017). His fellowship at the Ransom Center was supported by the Norman Mailer Endowed Fund.

© Harry Ransom Center 2024

Web Accessibility · Web Privacy

RANSOM CENTER MAGAZINE

• Books + Manuscripts
• Conservation
• Digital Collections
• Exhibitions + Events
• Photography
• Research + Teaching
• Theatre + Performing Arts
• Print Edition

Home — Essay Samples — Literature — The Things They Carried — The Things They Carried Story Truth

The Things They Carried Story Truth

• Categories: The Things They Carried

About this sample

Words: 727 |

Published: Mar 13, 2024

Words: 727 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Cite this Essay

To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below:

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Verified writer

• Expert in: Literature

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

1 pages / 671 words

2 pages / 804 words

4 pages / 1803 words

2 pages / 871 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on The Things They Carried

Henry Dobbins, a character in Tim O'Brien's novel "The Things They Carried," is known for his remarkable quotes that encapsulate the essence of war and the human experience. Through his poignant and powerful words, Dobbins [...]

You know, war's this big scary thing filled with uncertainty and danger. Tim O'Brien nails these vibes in his book, The Things They Carried. He’s got this knack for suspense, and boy does he use it to keep us biting our [...]

War's a tough gig, ain't it? It ain't just about dodging bullets but also about dealing with the mess it makes in your head. In Tim O'Brien's book, "The Things They Carried," there's this guy named Norman Bowker. He's [...]

In Tim O'Brien's book, "The Things They Carried," there's this theme that just pops up everywhere—irony. You know, irony is when what you think will happen and what actually happens are two totally different things. It's kinda [...]

In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, the setting plays a pivotal role in shaping the characters and the narrative. The war-torn landscapes of Vietnam become more than just a backdrop; they become a character in [...]

Some people with a strong guilt often have to live with that guilt their whole liveslife. In the novel “The Things They Carried” Tim O’Brien shows before a war, after a war, or even during a war that guilt is something that can [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

88 The Things They Carried Essay Topics & Prompts

Looking for The Things They Carried essay topics? You’re in the right place! In this article, you’ll find everything you might need to write a paper on Tim O’Brien’s collection of short stories. Check out our The Things They Carried essay prompts, themes, thesis statements, and more

🔝 Top-10 Essay Topics for The Things They Carried

🏆 best the things they carried essay examples & prompts, 📚 the things they carried essay prompts, 📌 the things they carried essay topics, 💡 thesis statement for the things they carried: writing tips, 👍 good research topics about the things they carried, 📜 the things they carried essay: how to write, ❓ the things they carried essay questions.

Writing The Things They Carried essay on Tim O’Brien’s collection of short stories is a challenging yet exciting task. In your paper, you might want to focus on the themes in The Things They Carried , talk about the key characters or symbolism of the book. In this article, you’ll find everything you might need to write an essay on this masterpiece. Below we’ve collected The Things They Carried essay questions, examples, ️and writing tips.

• Emotional Burden in O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”: Literary Analysis
• Psychological Aspects of War in “The Things They Carried” by O’Brian
• “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• War Impacts in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Things They Carried
• Tim O’Brien’s ‘The Things They Carried’ – Unpacking the Masterpiece
• Literary Interpretation & Critique Paper Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried
• “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien: Novel Analysis
• The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien – Literature Analysis As it has been mentioned, The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien is full of different symbols which help understand the full meaning of the story along with the significance of the title and its […]
• The Setting in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien In the beginning, Jimmy is painted as an indecisive person who has to deal with the pressure of war in Vietnam and nonreciprocating love from Martha.
• The Realistic Setting in the O’Brien Story “The Things They Carried“ In the end, it was clear that the things that soldiers carried were not at all ‘things.’ The soldiers had to deal with the emotional feelings of men who were exposed to the risk of […]
• “The Things They Carried” by O’Brien The suggested statement indicates that The Things They Carried by O’Brien broadcasts the horrors of the Vietnam War to the reader and allows one to understand the psychological aspects of that impact.
• “Slaughterhouse-Five” and “The Things They Carried” Place in Protest Literature The system, as a rule, is in a state of quasi-stable equilibrium with the environment, with the transformation from one state to another occurring cyclically and permanently through some limit states of the system.
• Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried Critical Analysis The Things They Carried is an extraordinarily comprehensive and graphic account of the Vietnam War that paints startlingly realistic imagery of the conflict.
• Tim O’Brien’s Story “The Things They Carried” The objects represented a thread that connected the soldiers in the depressing war setting to the real world that still exists somewhere.
• Tim O‘Brien‘s “The Things They Carried” These soldiers were in a bad position, true, but that does not in any way excuse what happened to the village of Than Khe.
• O’Brien’s The Things They Carried and Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily It further assesses the impact of the mode in which the information in the books is arranged compared to if it were set in a sequential manner.
• Fiction in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien In the story, the author portrays the inner nature of each of the characters via the symbolic features of the things carried by them.
• Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried” This appears to be the main motif of O’Brien’s book and it is readers’ existential mode that prompts them to look at “The Things They Carried” as literary piece that promotes an anti-war sentiment or […]
• Literary Success of “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien He was one of the soldiers sent into the fray, but due to his sense of duty, he managed to earn a Purple Heart and a Bronze Star during his stint in the said Vietnam […]
• Conventional Repetitive in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien Additionally, the author documents the heaviness of the objects to underscore the physical items the soldiers carried. Through repetitive documentation of the tangible objects carried by the soldiers, the author opens a leeway to allow […]
• Tim O’Brien: What Were “The Things They Carried” He brings out the aspect of emotional burdens that the soldiers draw from the war. Loneliness continues to engulf in the lives of the soldiers long after the end of the war.
• Vietnam War in the Book “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien The Irony of being at war is that Peace and conflict are both inevitable; it is the way we handle either of the two that determines our opinion of life in general both in the […]
• “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien: A War Memoir This paper will focus on the title of the story “The Things They Carried” and how it acts as a guide to the meaning of the story.

Tim O’Brien’s collection of stories about the Vietnam War paints a realistic picture of the soldiers going through a combat zone. Here are several essay prompts students can explore:

• Physical and emotional burdens of war. Write a paper about the symbolism of items soldiers take into the battle and their emotional significance.
• Courage and cowardice in The Things They Carried . Assess how O’Brien describes these concepts in his short stories and if it’s different from how authors approached them traditionally.
• Truth and Fiction in Tim O’Brien’s essay collection. Discuss why the author chose to blur the lines between reality and fiction and how it affects his works.
• Friendship and camaraderie in The Things They Carried . In your paper, look into the importance of bonding among soldiers and how these relationships continued to impact them after the war.
• The Things They Carried and O’Brien’s views on the Vietnam War. Explore how the author portrays the horrors of conflict and if his work can be considered anti-war.
• Truth and Troop Hardships in a Chapter of “The Things They Carried”
• The Emotional and Psychological Burdens in “The Things They Carried”
• The Metaphors of the Soldiers’ Burden in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• True War Story in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Portrayal of Vietnam in “The Things They Carried” and “Good Morning Vietnam”
• Trauma for Soldiers in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Significance of Legacies in “The Things They Carried”
• Women and Their Role in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Things Carried by Soldiers During the Vietnam War in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Symbolism of Weight in “The Things They Carried”
• The Masculinity of the Vietnam Veterans in “The Things They Carried”
• Tim O’Brien Rhetorical Strategies in “The Things They Carried”
• The Patchwork of Reality and Fiction in Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• Tim O’Brien’s Captivating and Life-Changing Story “The Things They Carried”
• “The Things They Carried”: What Makes a War Story True?
• Comparison of “The Things They Carried” and “The Cask of Amontillado”
• The Vietnam War as Described in O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• The Story of Burden, Love, and Sacrifice in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• Theme of Fantasy Versus Reality in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Impact of Physical and Emotional Challenges in Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• Moral Ambiguity in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Themes of Loss, Coping With War, and Death in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Trauma of War in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Real and Fake Stories in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien

When developing an essay about a difficult subject such as war, you can use the following advice to make your thesis statements more impactful:

• Make it clear and specific so readers don’t find it vague and misinterpret the thesis.
• Take a position on the issue that others can argue against or disagree with.
• Focus on a specific aspect of the topic that’s not too broad.
• Ensure that the thesis brings something new and insightful to the discussion.
• Ideally, it should lay the roadmap for the rest of the paper.
• Make it engaging enough for readers to care about the issue as much as you do.

The Things They Carried: Thesis Statement Examples

• The Thing They Carried presents an exciting and rare combination of fiction and nonfiction.
• The distinction between “story truth” and “happening truth” presented in the short story Good Form highlights the theme of truth vs. reality that is one of the key in the book.
• The theme of morality in The Things They Carried is highlighted by the conflict faced by the soldiers when they are transitioning from their civilian lives to the reality of war.
• War Experiences and Observations in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• Post Modern Critical Theory in “The Tortilla Curtain” and “The Things They Carried”
• Tim O’Brien’s Use of Figurative Language to Portray the Theme of Death in “The Things They Carried”
• The Motif of Love During the Vietman War in “The Things They Carried”
• Three Characters’ Loss of Innocence in “The Things They Carried”
• The Use of Storytelling to Keep the Good Memories Alive in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The War at Home and Abroad in Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• The Importance of Metafiction as a Literary Device in “The Things They Carried”
• Themes and Motifs in Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• The Internal and External Conflicts in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Story Truth and the Happening Truth in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Theme of War and Conflict in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Lasting Effects of War as Demonstrated in Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• The Themes of Fear, Faith, Humiliation, Guilt, and Storytelling in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Memories of Female Characters in Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”: What Really Defines a War Story Being True
• The Writing Techniques Used in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• Trauma, Psychological Exile, and Displacement Within “The Things They Carried”
• The Struggles During the Vietnam War in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• Wounds Endured in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• The Expectations of Soldiers During War in Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
• Comparison of Themes in “The Things They Carried” and “Three-Day Road” by Tim O’Brien
• Using Fiction to Depict the Vietnam War in “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien
• Pick up your topic. Carefully read the book and make highlight places that you think you can put into consideration in your paper. Brainstorm some ideas you can use. Alternatively, take a look at our The Things They Carried essay examples to get inspiration.
• Draft your thesis statement. Take a look at your topic and think, what issue you’re going to analyze in your paper. Should it be about symbolism, or on The Things They Carried themes, or you will write a literary analysis on the author’s writing style?
• Stick to the structure. Organize your essay and make sure all your ideas and arguments follow one another in a logical sequence. First of all, present the topic and The Things They Carried essay thesis in your intro. The next step is to write the body paragraphs, where you will provide your evidence, arguments, counterarguments, illustrations, and quotes to support your point of view. And lastly, summarize all your ideas presented in the paper. Restate your thesis statement but don’t repeat it.
• Why does “The Man I Killed” story focus on a Vietnamese character? Why are similar characters missing in other stories?
• Think, why did O’Brien end The Things They Carried with an episode from his childhood although the masterpiece is dedicated to the Vietnam war?
• Explore why this war stories collection doesn’t have heroes? How does the author define the term “heroism”?
• Is there a place for women on the war? Why do characters like Mary Anne, Martha, and Kathleen are essential in the novel?
• Investigate the book structure. Explore if the stories shift linearly and how the writing style contributes to the themes. How do the first person and third person narratives impact on readers perception?
• Explore the shame theme. Why did Tim O’Brien decide to go to Vietnam? Is there a place for shame in soldier’s lives? Does it drive them to heroism?
• What are the roles of women in O’Brien’s story? How does gender affect attitude to war? Analyze Mary Anne character to prove your point of view, explore her transition from an innocent girl to a killer. Check The Things They Carried essay topics for more inspiration.
• Think about the book title. Why O’Brien decided to use it? What do the main characters have to carry with them for the rest of their lives?
• Is this book fictional or non-fictional? Check the dedication page of the novel and explore how it is connected to the stories. Do you think that some book elements point to the actual events in the Vietnamese war?
• Which role does death play in The Things They Carried? Provide some examples that support your point of view, whether it is something to be afraid of or a release from a dreadful life?

Now, you can use the sample questions above or choose your own and write an excellent great paper on O’Brien’s novel.

• The Most Dangerous Game Paper Topics
• Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Research Topics
• The Handmaid’s Tale Research Ideas
• The House on Mango Street Research Topics
• The Metamorphosis Research Topics
• In Cold Blood Titles
• Things Fall Apart Research Ideas
• Into the Wild Titles
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, November 22). 88 The Things They Carried Essay Topics & Prompts. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/the-things-they-carried-essay-examples/

"88 The Things They Carried Essay Topics & Prompts." IvyPanda , 22 Nov. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/the-things-they-carried-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '88 The Things They Carried Essay Topics & Prompts'. 22 November.

IvyPanda . 2024. "88 The Things They Carried Essay Topics & Prompts." November 22, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/the-things-they-carried-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "88 The Things They Carried Essay Topics & Prompts." November 22, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/the-things-they-carried-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "88 The Things They Carried Essay Topics & Prompts." November 22, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/the-things-they-carried-essay-examples/.