Males express learned helplessness behaviour whereas females do not
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Learned helplessness
Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses may result from a real or perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation. [4] ... They show evidence that running wheel exercise prevents learned helplessness behaviors in rats. [17]
Learned helplessness in the rat: Effect of response topography in a
Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response topography within-subject and different intervals between treatment and tests among groups. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to inescapable shocks were tested under an escape contingency where either jumping or nose poking was required to terminate shocks ...
PDF Learned Helplessness: Theory and Evidence
parallel phenomena in cats, fish, rats, and man. Of particular interest is the discussion of learned helplessness in rats and man. Rats are of interest because learned helplessness has been difficult to demonstrate in rats. However, we show that inescapably shocked rats do fail to learn to escape if the escape task is rea-sonably difficult.
Learned helplessness in the rat
Four experiments attempted to produce behavior in the rat parallel to the behavior characteristic of learned helplessness in the dog. When rats received escapable, inescapable, or no shock and were later tested in jump-up escape, both inescapable and no-shock controls failed to escape. When bar pressing, rather than jumping up, was used as the ...
Learned Helplessness in Rodents
Shirayama Y, Hashimoto K (2018) Lack of antidepressant effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in a rat learned helplessness model: comparison with (R)-ketamine. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 21:84-88 ... Maier SF, Seligman ME (1976) Learned helplessness: theory and evidence. J Exp Psychol Gen 105:3 Overmier JB (1968) Interference with avoidance ...
Learned helplessness in the rat: improvements in validity and
The learned helplessness paradigm initially described by Overmier and Seligman [J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 63 (1967) 28] is the most widely studied animal model of depression. Animals are exposed to inescapable shock and subsequently tested for a deficit in acquiring an avoidance task. Despite its excellent validity concerning the construct of ...
Learned Helplessness at Fifty: Insights from Neuroscience
First, guided by the original theory, the learned helplessness procedures were replicated in apparently analogous human settings (e.g., Hiroto & Seligman, 1975). In the triadic design, for example, one group of college students received loud noise that could be escaped by button pressing, a second group was yoked, and a third group received ...
Learned helplessness: effects of response requirement and interval
Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response requirements, shock duration, and intervals between treatment and testing. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to uncontrollable or no shocks were tested under one of four different contingencies of negative reinforcement: FR 1 or FR 2 escape contingency for ...
Learned Helplessness in Rodents
The phenomenon of learned helplessness also occurs in many species, such as dogs, rats, and mice [15, 44, 45], and has been translated even to non-mammals, such as zebra fish and flies [46, 47]. Most of the work has been developed in rats, although more recently mice have been widely used as well, with the advantage of testing transgenic ...
Learned helplessness: Effects of response requirement and interval
The previous experiments showed that learned helplessness can be obtained with rats under FR 1 on a task that isolated the operant nature of the response. This experiment was designed to assess the effects of the passage of time on learned helplessness, using a clearly operant task.
Learned helplessness in the rat: improvements in validity and
Validity. Reliability. Rat. 1. Type of research. (1) This protocol allows for the evaluation of behavioral, biochemical and physiological consequences of learned helplessness as an animal model for depression. (2) Vice versa, this protocol provides the capability of evaluating if pharmacological, biochemical or genetic manipulations result in ...
PDF Learned Helplessness
hammock were sufficient to cause helplessness in the cage-reared dogs (8). In this regard, we should mention the dramatic findings on sudden death in wild rats (33). When wild rats are squeezed in the human hand until they stop struggling, then placed in a water tank, they drown suddenly. Unlike
PDF Learned helplessness in the rat: Effect of response topography in a
In the following three experiments we further explore the impor-tance of the topography of the escape response to the learned helplessness effect. 2. Experiment 1 The effect of inescapable shocks is reduced with the passage of time when the response of running (Maier, 2001), but jump-ing (Hunziker and Santos, 2007) is used in the test. Nose-poking
Learned helplessness in the rat: Time course, immunization, and
Previous research has shown that rats, like dogs, fail to escape following exposure to inescapable shock. 3 experiments were conducted with a total of 121 male Sprague-Dawley rats to further explore parallels between rat and dog helplessness. The failure to escape did not dissipate in time; Ss failed to escape 5 min, 1 hr, 4 hrs, 24 hrs, and 1 wk after receiving inescapable shock. Ss that ...
Electroconvulsive shock and learned helplessness in rats
Abstract. Three experiments evaluated the effects of a single electroconvulsive shock in alleviating the learned helplessness effect in rats. The experiments differed primarily in terms of the location of the ECS treatment in the experimental sequence of events. In Experiment 1, ECS was given following helplessness training and testing and was ...
A matter of timing: harm reduction in learned helplessness
Reanalysis of data from 163 congenitally helpless (cLH, n = 88) and non-helpless rats (cNLH, n = 75). A: All rats have been tested for learned helplessness at the age of nine or ten weeks to confirm the helpless or non-helpless phenotype in the escape paradigm.The test consisted of 15 trials in which an electric foot shock (0.8 mA, 60 s) could be terminated by the animals pressing a bar.
Learned helplessness in the rat.
4 experiments, using a total of 159 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats, attempted to produce behavior in the rat parallel to the behavior characteristic of learned helplessness in the dog. When Ss received escapable, inescapable, or no shock and were later tested in jump-up escape, both inescapable and no-shock controls failed to escape. When barpressing, rather than jumping up, was used as the ...
Learned helplessness in the rat: effect of response topography in a
Abstract. Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response topography within-subject and different intervals between treatment and tests among groups. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to inescapable shocks were tested under an escape contingency where either jumping or nose poking was required to ...
Brain network reorganization differs in response to stress in rats
Two rat strains (congenital learned helpless (cLH) and congenital non-learned helpless (cNLH)) were bred based on a Seligman's hypothesis that learned helplessness, a depression-like condition ...
Learned helplessness: Effects of response requirement and interval
Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response requirements, shock duration, and intervals between treatment and testing. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to uncontrollable or no shocks were tested under one of four different contingencies of negative reinforcement: FR 1 or FR 2 escape contingency for running, and FR1 escape contingency for jumping ...
Learned helplessness in the rat: time course, immunization, and
Rats that first learned to jump up to escape were not retarded later at bar pressing to escape following inescapable shock. Failure to escape can be broken up by forcibly exposing the rat to an escape contingency. Therefore, the effects of inescapable shock in the rat parallel learned helplessness effects in the dog.
Strong interactions between learned helplessness and risky decision
Here we tested the hypothesis that rats showing risky decision-making in a rat gambling task (rGT) would be more prone to depressive-like behaviour in the learned helplessness (LH) model.
Learned helplessness in the rat.
4 experiments, using a total of 159 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats, attempted to produce behavior in the rat parallel to the behavior characteristic of learned helplessness in the dog. When Ss received escapable, inescapable, or no shock and were later tested in jump-up escape, both inescapable and no-shock controls failed to escape. When barpressing, rather than jumping up, was used as the ...
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Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses may result from a real or perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation. [4] ... They show evidence that running wheel exercise prevents learned helplessness behaviors in rats. [17]
Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response topography within-subject and different intervals between treatment and tests among groups. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to inescapable shocks were tested under an escape contingency where either jumping or nose poking was required to terminate shocks ...
parallel phenomena in cats, fish, rats, and man. Of particular interest is the discussion of learned helplessness in rats and man. Rats are of interest because learned helplessness has been difficult to demonstrate in rats. However, we show that inescapably shocked rats do fail to learn to escape if the escape task is rea-sonably difficult.
Four experiments attempted to produce behavior in the rat parallel to the behavior characteristic of learned helplessness in the dog. When rats received escapable, inescapable, or no shock and were later tested in jump-up escape, both inescapable and no-shock controls failed to escape. When bar pressing, rather than jumping up, was used as the ...
Shirayama Y, Hashimoto K (2018) Lack of antidepressant effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in a rat learned helplessness model: comparison with (R)-ketamine. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 21:84-88 ... Maier SF, Seligman ME (1976) Learned helplessness: theory and evidence. J Exp Psychol Gen 105:3 Overmier JB (1968) Interference with avoidance ...
The learned helplessness paradigm initially described by Overmier and Seligman [J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 63 (1967) 28] is the most widely studied animal model of depression. Animals are exposed to inescapable shock and subsequently tested for a deficit in acquiring an avoidance task. Despite its excellent validity concerning the construct of ...
First, guided by the original theory, the learned helplessness procedures were replicated in apparently analogous human settings (e.g., Hiroto & Seligman, 1975). In the triadic design, for example, one group of college students received loud noise that could be escaped by button pressing, a second group was yoked, and a third group received ...
Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response requirements, shock duration, and intervals between treatment and testing. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to uncontrollable or no shocks were tested under one of four different contingencies of negative reinforcement: FR 1 or FR 2 escape contingency for ...
The phenomenon of learned helplessness also occurs in many species, such as dogs, rats, and mice [15, 44, 45], and has been translated even to non-mammals, such as zebra fish and flies [46, 47]. Most of the work has been developed in rats, although more recently mice have been widely used as well, with the advantage of testing transgenic ...
The previous experiments showed that learned helplessness can be obtained with rats under FR 1 on a task that isolated the operant nature of the response. This experiment was designed to assess the effects of the passage of time on learned helplessness, using a clearly operant task.
Validity. Reliability. Rat. 1. Type of research. (1) This protocol allows for the evaluation of behavioral, biochemical and physiological consequences of learned helplessness as an animal model for depression. (2) Vice versa, this protocol provides the capability of evaluating if pharmacological, biochemical or genetic manipulations result in ...
hammock were sufficient to cause helplessness in the cage-reared dogs (8). In this regard, we should mention the dramatic findings on sudden death in wild rats (33). When wild rats are squeezed in the human hand until they stop struggling, then placed in a water tank, they drown suddenly. Unlike
In the following three experiments we further explore the impor-tance of the topography of the escape response to the learned helplessness effect. 2. Experiment 1 The effect of inescapable shocks is reduced with the passage of time when the response of running (Maier, 2001), but jump-ing (Hunziker and Santos, 2007) is used in the test. Nose-poking
Previous research has shown that rats, like dogs, fail to escape following exposure to inescapable shock. 3 experiments were conducted with a total of 121 male Sprague-Dawley rats to further explore parallels between rat and dog helplessness. The failure to escape did not dissipate in time; Ss failed to escape 5 min, 1 hr, 4 hrs, 24 hrs, and 1 wk after receiving inescapable shock. Ss that ...
Abstract. Three experiments evaluated the effects of a single electroconvulsive shock in alleviating the learned helplessness effect in rats. The experiments differed primarily in terms of the location of the ECS treatment in the experimental sequence of events. In Experiment 1, ECS was given following helplessness training and testing and was ...
Reanalysis of data from 163 congenitally helpless (cLH, n = 88) and non-helpless rats (cNLH, n = 75). A: All rats have been tested for learned helplessness at the age of nine or ten weeks to confirm the helpless or non-helpless phenotype in the escape paradigm.The test consisted of 15 trials in which an electric foot shock (0.8 mA, 60 s) could be terminated by the animals pressing a bar.
4 experiments, using a total of 159 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats, attempted to produce behavior in the rat parallel to the behavior characteristic of learned helplessness in the dog. When Ss received escapable, inescapable, or no shock and were later tested in jump-up escape, both inescapable and no-shock controls failed to escape. When barpressing, rather than jumping up, was used as the ...
Abstract. Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response topography within-subject and different intervals between treatment and tests among groups. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to inescapable shocks were tested under an escape contingency where either jumping or nose poking was required to ...
Two rat strains (congenital learned helpless (cLH) and congenital non-learned helpless (cNLH)) were bred based on a Seligman's hypothesis that learned helplessness, a depression-like condition ...
Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response requirements, shock duration, and intervals between treatment and testing. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to uncontrollable or no shocks were tested under one of four different contingencies of negative reinforcement: FR 1 or FR 2 escape contingency for running, and FR1 escape contingency for jumping ...
Rats that first learned to jump up to escape were not retarded later at bar pressing to escape following inescapable shock. Failure to escape can be broken up by forcibly exposing the rat to an escape contingency. Therefore, the effects of inescapable shock in the rat parallel learned helplessness effects in the dog.
Here we tested the hypothesis that rats showing risky decision-making in a rat gambling task (rGT) would be more prone to depressive-like behaviour in the learned helplessness (LH) model.
4 experiments, using a total of 159 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats, attempted to produce behavior in the rat parallel to the behavior characteristic of learned helplessness in the dog. When Ss received escapable, inescapable, or no shock and were later tested in jump-up escape, both inescapable and no-shock controls failed to escape. When barpressing, rather than jumping up, was used as the ...