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The Country Wife

William wycherley.

Harry Horner , a notorious womanizer, spreads a rumor that he has contracted venereal disease and that, while being treated for this by a French surgeon, he has accidentally been made impotent. He persuades his doctor, a Quack , to spread this story all over town, hoping that gullible men will leave their wives, sisters, and daughters with Horner without suspicion that he might seduce them.

As soon as the rumor has been circulated, Horner is pleased to find that Sir Jasper Fidget , a businessman who works in the city, comes to call and leaves his wife, Lady Fidget , and her companions, Mrs. Dainty Fidget and Mrs. Squeamish , in Horner’s care. When they are told that Horner is impotent, however, the ladies (who have a reputation for being extremely virtuous) are disgusted and refuse to stay with him. They storm out just as Horner’s friends, Harcourt and Dorliant , arrive to commiserate with him about his new impotence.

As they are talking, Sparkish arrives and the friends scramble to find a way to get rid of him. Sparkish is a bore and so arrogant that he does not understand when they insult him and ask him to leave. They eventually succeed in seeing Sparkish off just in time for Mr. Pinchwife to arrive. Pinchwife was a womanizer in his youth but has recently married a young woman from the country. He has not heard the rumors about Horner and becomes extremely jealous when Horner inquires about his wife and suggests that she may make Pinchwife a “ cuckold .” Pinchwife replies that his wife is too simple and stupid to be taken into town and so he plans to leave her at home. He is only in town briefly to arrange Sparkish’s marriage to his sister, Alithea .

Horner notices how jealous Pinchwife is of his wife and decides to tease him. He tells Pinchwife that he saw him at the theatre the previous night with a beautiful young woman. Pinchwife is insulted and storms out and Horner understands, from his reaction, that this woman is his wife.

At Pinchwife’s house, his young wife, Margery , complains to Alithea that Pinchwife will not let her go out and enjoy the town. She tells Alithea that she loved going to the theatre the night before and found the actors extremely handsome. Pinchwife returns and overhears them and berates Alithea for setting a bad example for Margery. Margery begs Pinchwife to let her go into town and Pinchwife tells her that she cannot go because, if she does, young men may fall in love with her. This only increases Margery’s enthusiasm, so Pinchwife tells her that a man has already seen her at the theatre and is in love with her. Margery is excited by this, and begs to know the young man’s name, so Pinchwife locks her in her room to punish her.

Just then, Sparkish arrives with Harcourt to visit Alithea and to show his fiancée off to his friend. Harcourt falls in love with Alithea instantly and begins to court her, brazenly, in front of Sparkish. Although Alithea protests, Sparkish does not notice and seems incapable of jealousy. Harcourt, Alithea, and Sparkish head off to the theatre, Alithea still protesting because Sparkish plans to seat her with Harcourt. Lady Fidget, Mrs. Dainty Fidget, and Mrs. Squeamish arrive at Pinchwife’s house to take Margery to see the play. Pinchwife chases them off, much to their amusement.

While they wait for Sir Jasper, Lady Fidget, Mrs. Dainty Fidget, and Mrs. Squeamish lament that they are always being passed over by men in favor of common women. They feel that men no longer seek out “virtuous” women to have affairs with. While they are talking, Sir Jasper arrives with Horner and Dorilant and tells the ladies that these young men will take them to the theatre. The ladies are horrified and refuse. Dorilant leaves but Sir Jasper insists that it will not harm their reputations to be seen with Horner. Horner takes Lady Fidget aside and whispers to her that he is not actually impotent and says that he has lied for her sake, to get close to her. Thoroughly flattered, Lady Fidget relents and persuades the others to allow Horner to take them out. Sir Jasper rushes off to attend to business, feeling very pleased with himself and the entertainment he has provided for his wife.

Margery, still cooped up in Pinchwife’s house, eventually puts her foot down and forces Pinchwife to take her into town. He agrees on the condition that she dress up like a man so that Horner and his friends will not recognize her. Alithea and her maid, Lucy , accompany them. Horner, Harcourt and Dorilant are also in town and Harcourt tells Horner about his predicament; he is in love with Alithea, Sparkish’s fiancée. Horner tells him that Sparkish will help him to woo her and Sparkish joins them at that moment.

As they are talking, Pinchwife, Margery, Alithea and Lucy walk past, and the men pursue them. Pinchwife tries to avoid them, but the men accost the party and ask who the young man among them is. Pinchwife says that the young man, who is Margery in disguise, is his wife’s brother. Sparkish begins to push Harcourt and Alithea together and implore her to forgive Harcourt for offending her that morning.

Meanwhile, Horner begins to flirt with Margery and kisses her in front of Pinchwife, begging her to take the kiss “to her sister.” Pinchwife, desperate to get Margery away from Horner, tries to hail a carriage but, while he is gone, Horner leads Margery away down another street. Pinchwife is frantic when he returns but Margery reappears a few moments later with a bundle of fruit that Horner has given her. Sir Jasper Fidget arrives and reminds Horner that he must take the ladies to the theatre. He leads Horner off and leaves a disgruntled Pinchwife in the street.

The next morning, Sparkish arrives at Pinchwife’s house to marry Alithea. However, the parson he has brought with him to conduct the wedding is really Harcourt in disguise. Alithea easily sees through this trick and refuses to allow the wedding, much to the confusion of Sparkish. Meanwhile, Pinchwife grills Margery about the time she spent alone with Horner the evening before. When Margery tells Pinchwife that Horner put his tongue in her mouth when he kissed her, Pinchwife can no longer contain his jealousy and forces Margery to write a letter to Horner in which she tells him that she finds him disgusting and will not tolerate his advances.

Margery is upset because she has fallen in love with Horner and thinks of a way to trick her husband. Since he has taught Margery to write letters, which before she did not know how to do, she writes a second letter to Horner, in which she confesses her love to him. When he returns with the letter seal, Margery swaps the letters and seals the one she has written herself, rather than Pinchwife’s, to send to Horner.

Horner is at home with the Quack, who is eager to hear how Horner’s experiment is going. He is impressed with what he hears and even more impressed when Lady Fidget arrives alone. Horner ushers the Quack behind a screen and the doctor watches as Lady Fidget throws herself at Horner. The pair begin to fondle each other but are interrupted by Sir Jasper. Lady Fidget thinks quickly and tells her husband that she is tickling Horner because he has refused to take her shopping. Sir Jasper watches in amusement as Lady Fidget rushes into another room and locks the door, claiming she is going to steal some of Horner’s fine china . Horner rushes in after her and Sir Jasper laughs at the sounds coming through the door.

Mrs. Squeamish arrives moments later and tries to break into the room. She is followed by her grandmother, Old Lady Squeamish . Horner and Lady Fidget re-emerge, Lady Fidget carrying some china, and Mrs. Squeamish tries to persuade Horner to give her some china, too. Pinchwife enters and the ladies immediately leave with Sir Jasper to avoid being seen by another man. Pinchwife has brought Horner the letter from Margery. Horner reads it and is extremely confused about Pinchwife’s triumphant attitude. Pinchwife leaves, but he is brought back a moment later by Sparkish, who insists they must join him for his wedding dinner.

Margery, meanwhile, pines for Horner’s love, and begins to write him another letter. Pinchwife bursts in on her and forces her to finish what she is writing. He is confused when she signs the letter from Alithea and tells him that it is Alithea who is in love with Horner. Pinchwife agrees to take his sister to see Horner and Margery dresses up as Alithea, puts on a mask, and tricks Pinchwife into taking her in the disguise.

Horner is shocked when Pinchwife reappears, this time bringing him a masked woman. The woman says that she will only speak to Horner alone so Pinchwife leaves them. Before Margery can explain herself to Horner, however, Sir Jasper arrives and tells him that Lady Fidget, Mrs. Dainty, and Mrs. Squeamish are on their way up. Horner hides Margery in another room and meets the ladies, who are preparing to get very drunk and have a bawdy evening with him.

Outside Horner’s house, Pinchwife meets Sparkish and shows him the letter which is addressed to Horner and signed with Alithea’s name. Sparkish is insulted and confronts Alithea in the street to break off their engagement. Alithea is confused but relieved. Inside, Horner drinks with the “honorable” ladies who begin to get tipsy. Lady Fidget finally announces that Horner is her secret lover and is surprised when Mrs. Dainty and Mrs. Squeamish confess that he is theirs, too. The group agree to keep each other’s secrets.

When Sir Jasper arrives to take the ladies home, Horner releases Margery, who tells him that she is to be his wife now. While they are in discussion, Sparkish, Alithea, Pinchwife, Harcourt, Lucy, and a chaplain arrive. Pinchwife insists that Horner and Alithea should marry but Alithea denies any knowledge of this affair. Eventually she points out that Margery is dressed up as her and Alithea and Harcourt are united and agree to marry instead. Pinchwife is furious with Horner for “cuckolding” him and prepares to duel him.

Sir Jasper and the ladies return as this scene is underway and Pinchwife tells Sir Jasper that Horner has made a “cuckold” of him too. Sir Jasper is taken aback for a moment, but Horner is saved by the reappearance of the Quack who gives Pinchwife and Sir Jasper his word “as a physician” that Horner is impotent. Margery plays along with this, though she knows that they are all lying, and resigns herself to a future as Pinchwife’s wife.

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The Country Wife

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Summary and Study Guide

William Wycherley’s The Country Wife was written and first performed in London, in 1675. The play has lived on as one of the most famous examples of British Restoration comedies and continues to be produced frequently. The Restoration era, between 1660 and about 1700, describes the period following the Commonwealth era and the restoration of the English monarchy. During the Commonwealth, theatre was banned in England for 18 years, so with his return to the throne, King Charles II encouraged not only the reinstatement of the theatre but the production of plays with lascivious content and language. Restoration comedies had complicated romantic plots, often featuring a mixture of working class and (as the character Sparkish complains) members of the aristocracy. After Puritan control during the Commonwealth, artistic responses like The Country Wife adopted a clear anti-Puritan stance. But even in this moment of permissiveness, the play was considered scandalous and was actually banned from the stage between 1753 and 1924.

The Country Wife , based on a compilation of Molière’s The School for Husbands (1661), The School for Wives (1662), and Terence’s The Eunuch (161 BCE), is about marriage, infidelity, and male friendship. Harry Horner, an infamous womanizer, enlists his doctor to spread the false rumor that Horner has become impotent to convince other men to trust him to be alone with their wives. Jack Pinchwife, a former rake, has recently married Margery Pinchwife, a woman from the country, since rampant cuckolding seems to be a trait learned in the city. Pinchwife tries to hide his wife from his philandering friends, but Horner becomes enamored with Margery, who immediately falls for him. As Horner schemes to bed Margery (as well as all the other married ladies around him), his friend Frank Harcourt falls in love with Pinchwife’s sister, Alithea, who is betrothed to Mr. Sparkish , a foolish bore who believes that he is witty and intelligent. Much trickery ensues, involving masks, fake twins, and humorous mix-ups. At the end of the play, Mr. and Mrs. Pinchwife remain unhappily together while Harcourt presumably marries Alithea, and Horner goes on to keep bedding unhappy wives who can preserve their honor and reputation under the ruse that Horner is incapable of defiling them.

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The Restoration era introduced the first professional women actresses, as before the Commonwealth, female roles on the English stage were played by boys. This led to the creation of “breeches roles,” which required women to wear pants, a trope that manifests in The Country Wife when Margery Pinchwife is disguised as her own brother. Given the fashion of the period, the appeal of having women in breeches roles was the opportunity to see their legs in form-fitting clothing. The play depicts competitions that occur between men and the ways that women become pawns and prizes in those competitions. It shows these interactions as a game in which a woman’s honor and reputation are tantamount to her social value, and yet the impeachability of her virtue is determined less by her actions than by the gossip surrounding her actions (or even inactions). The Country Wife differs from many romantic comedies in its cynicism about marriage and an ending in which the protagonist does not wed his beloved or even receive punishment for duplicitousness but instead continues his rakish behavior.

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Comedy — humour as the backbone of The Country Wife

Humour as The Backbone of The Country Wife

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Published: Jul 17, 2018

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The Country Wife

By william wycherly, the country wife sources and classicnote author.

• Julia Yost, author of ClassicNote. Completed on November 10, 2010, copyright held by GradeSaver.
• Updated and revised by Damien Chazelle November 30, 2010. Copyright held by GradeSaver.

Chadwick, W. R. “ The Country Wife .” The Four Plays of William Wycherley: A Study in the Development of a Dramatist . Paris: Mouton, 1975.

Cook, David and John Swannell. “Introduction” to William Wycherley, The Country Wife . Ed. Cook and Swannell. London: Methuen & Co., 1975.

Kachur, B. A. “ The Country Wife : Love, Marriage and Sovereignty.” Etherege and Wycherley . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Righter, Anne. “William Wycherley.” Restoration Theatre . Ed. John Russell Brown and Bernard Harris. London: Butler & Tanner Ltd., 1965.

Rogers, Katharine M. William Wycherley . New York: Twayne, 1972.

Vernon, P. F. William Wycherley . London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1965,

Wycherley, William. The Country Wife and Other Plays . Ed. Peter Dixon. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

The Country Wife Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for The Country Wife is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

what techniques does author use in his restoration comedy the country wife to outline the major theme of the play

Like many other Restoration Comedies The Country Wife is characterised by farcical humour that runs throughout the whole play, generated through wit, sexual innuendo and a great deal of dramatic irony.

What different dramatic techniques are employed in play the country wife

Check this out:

https://www.gradesaver.com/the-country-wife

How has Harry Horner been presented?

Harry Horner is presented as a manipulative, deceptive, depraved womanizer.

Study Guide for The Country Wife

The Country Wife study guide contains a biography of William Wycherly, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About The Country Wife
• The Country Wife Summary
• Character List

Essays for The Country Wife

The Country Wife essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Country Wife by William Wycherly.

• Let it be Decieved: Deception in The Country Wife and The Conscious Lovers
• Role of Women in the Restoration Period
• The Mythic Archetype of Don Juan in The Country Wife and The Rover
• The Role of Humour in The Country Wife
• The Country Wife and Reversal of Power Dynamics

Wikipedia Entries for The Country Wife

• Introduction