how to cite a teachers presentation

PowerPoint Slide or Lecture Note References

This page contains reference examples for PowerPoint slides or lecture notes, including the following:

• PowerPoint slides available online
• PowerPoint slides from a classroom website

Use these formats to cite information obtained directly from slides.

If the slides contain citations to information published elsewhere, and you want to cite that information as well, then it is best to find, read, and cite the original source yourself rather than citing the slides as a secondary source.

Writers creating PowerPoint presentations in APA Style should present information clearly and concisely. Many APA Style guidelines can be applied to presentations (e.g., the guidance for crediting sources, using bias-free language, and writing clearly and concisely).

However, decisions about font size, amount of text on a slide, color scheme, use of animations, and so on are up to writers; these details are not specified as part of APA Style.

1. PowerPoint slides available online

Jones, J. (2016, March 23). Guided reading: Making the most of it [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/hellojenjones/guided-reading-making-the-most-of-it

• Parenthetical citation : (Jones, 2016)
• Narrative citation : Jones (2016)
• When the slides are available online to anyone, provide the site name on which they are hosted in the source element of the reference, followed by the URL of the slides.

2. PowerPoint slides from a classroom website

Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login

• Parenthetical citation : (Mack & Spake, 2018)
• Narrative citation : Mack and Spake (2018)
• If the slides come from a classroom website, learning management system (e.g., Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle, Sakai), or company intranet and you are writing for an audience with access to that resource, provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for sites requiring login).
• If the audience for which are you writing does not have access to the slides, cite them as a personal communication .

PowerPoint slide references are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 10.14 and the Concise Guide Section 10.12

APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings

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Presentation slides from moodle, presentation slides from cams, powerpoint presentation slides from a website, class handouts from moodle, class handouts from cams, class handout in print, class lectures (notes from).

Note : All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

In-Text Citation or References List

Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as Powerpoint should be cited both in-text and on the References list.

Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list, since they are not a published source.

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Moodle. URL of Moodle login page

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. CAMS. URL

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL

Note about h yperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Moodle. URL of Moodle login page

Note: To cite other readings , follow the model for that type of document: eg a chapter from a book with an editor, an article from a library database, etc.. You do not need to identify Moodle as the source. If the instructor has not provided details that are necessary to to cite the reading, contact them to ask for these.

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. CAMS. URL

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Columbia College, Course code.

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

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MLA Citation Guide (MLA 9th Edition): Class Notes and Presentations

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It may be useful to cite information from class lectures and presentations in your work. Examples of how to do so are provided on this page.

Instructor Notes or Class Handouts

Instructor's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Handouts/Notes." Name of Course, College Department, University of Nevada, Reno. Date notes were received. Course handout.

Kurtis , Mark. "Critical Analysis." College English, College of Liberal Arts, University of Nevada, Reno. Received 5 May 2016. Course handout.

Instructor Presentation Slides (e.g. PowerPoint)

Instructor's Last Name, First Name. "Title of PowerPoint Presentation." Date of PowerPoint presentation, Title of Course, College Department, University of Nevada, Reno. Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. 

Paulson, Marianne. "HUM 100: Week 5: Rome and Rise of Empire." 31 Mar. 2012, The Development of Western Thought, College of Liberal Arts, University of Nevada, Reno. Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.

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Formatting a Powerpoint Presentation in APA 7th Style

The apa 7th manual and the apa website do not provide any specific rules about using apa format or citation in powerpoint slides. , here are some recommended guidelines:, 1. always follow any specific instructions given by your instructor., 2. you will need in-text citations on a powerpoint slide where you are quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing someone else's ideas. , 3. you also will include a reference list as your powerpoint's last slide (or slides). , this youtube video from smart student shows you how to create apa7th in-text citations and a reference list: .

• Citing and Referencing in Powerpoint Presentations | APA 7th Edition This video will show you how to create APA 7th in-text citations and a Reference page for your PowerPoint presentation.
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APA Citation Guide: Class Notes, Lectures & Presentations

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Presentation slides from brightspace.

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Class Handouts from Brightspace

Class handouts in print, class lectures & individual notes, how to cite from brightspace.

If you retrieved lecture documents  (not a journal article or an item available freely online)  through a password protected portal such as Brightspace, you should  not  include the long URL from the Brightspace entry, instead use the homepage of Brightspace (i.e. Brightspace website: http://brightspace.liu.edu).

When citing online lecture notes, provide the file format in brackets after the lecture title (e.g. [PowerPoint], [PDF], [Excel]).

Frank, B. (2021). Lecture 4: Psychophysiology [PowerPoint presentation]. George Washington University, Basics of Psychophysiology. Brightspace: http://brightspace.liu.edu

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation was Created).  Title of presentation: Subtitle if any  [PowerPoint presentation]. Brightspace. URL

PowerPoint Presentation Slides from a Website

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation was Created).  Title of presentation: Subtitle if any  [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL

Note about hyperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout was Created if known).  Title of handout: Subtitle if any  [Class handout]. Brightspace. URL

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout was Created if known).  Title of handout: Subtitle if any  [Class handout]. LIU Post, Course code.

Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style.

They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list . Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

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How to Cite PowerPoint Presentations in APA & MLA Formats

Whether you're a student or teacher, you rely on sources to do your research. You probably already know that it's important to also cite your sources. But you might not know how to cite certain types of sources, for example, PowerPoint presentations.

There are more types of resources available to students than ever before and the proper way to cite those resources isn't always clear. For example, with SlideShare (link to our tutorial) you've got access to hundreds of PowerPoint presentations. 

If you're wondering "how do you cite a PowerPoint" when you use one of those presentations in a paper, this tutorial is for you. In this tutorial, you'll learn how to cite a PowerPoint in APA format. We'll also cover citing a PowerPoint in MLA format. Once you've discovered how to properly cite presentations, we'll share some additional presentation resources in case you've got to create your own presentation.

How to Cite a PowerPoint Presentation Properly 

When you're writing an academic paper, you typically need to cite your sources at the end in a bibliography. You may also need to cite a source in the body of your paper. Let's take a closer look at how two of the most common style guides handle citing PowerPoint presentations.

Note :  If you're using the PowerPoint presentation for an academic assignment, be sure to check your own school's style guidelines to determine which format they require. You may also find that your school has additional requirements for citations .

How to Cite a Presentation in APA Format

APA format provides guidelines for consistently writing in a clear format. It includes standards for citing references in PowerPoint presentations as well as standards for citing images in PowerPoint, citing tables or figures, and citing many other types of information.  Although it was originally created for written documents, the citation guidelines have been expanded to take into consideration websites and other digital publications.

If your lesson requires you to use APA format to cite your sources and you're using a PowerPoint presentation as a source, you'll be expected to treat the PowerPoint presentation very much like you would another source with a few differences. Start with the author's last name and first initial. Add the middle initial if given. This is followed by the year the presentation was published and the title of the presentation.

The two differences between citing a PowerPoint presentation in APA format and another work is that you'll put the phrase " PowerPoint slides " in brackets after the title of the presentations followed by the phrase " Retrieved from " and the URL where you found the presentation.

Here's an example of a properly formatted PowerPoint citation for a bibliography in APA format ( based on a fictitious source ):

Perez, J. (February 2018). How to Design Graphics That Sell With Examples  [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved August 1, 2018, from https://anytownconsulting.com/ppt/graphics-sell.html

For a citation in the body of the paper use the author's last name and the date the speech was published:

(Perez, 2018)

If you've got other types of sources you need to cite in APA Style or if you've got questions about APA style, you can find answers on the  APA Style site .

How to Cite a Presentation in MLA Format

Another popular format required by many educational institutions is the MLA format. This style guide is from the Modern Language Association, which is a scholarly association that supports the study of languages and literature. MLA format is commonly used for assignments in the Humanities or Liberal Arts academic areas.

If you're required to use MLA format to cite your sources and one of those sources is a PowerPoint presentation, the format is very similar to the APA format for citing a PowerPoint source with a few important differences. Start with the author's last name, first name and middle name (if given). That's followed by the title of the presentation and the year it was published. If you've got the tile of the website where the presentation is published, list that. Next comes the URL where you found the PowerPoint presentation. If you're referencing a specific slide in the presentation list that slide number.

Here's an example of a properly formatted PowerPoint citation in MLA format (based on a fictitious source):

Perez, Juan. "How to Design Graphics That Sell With Examples."  AnyTown Consulting Website, Jan. 2018,  http://anytownconsulting.com/ppt/graphics-sell.html. Slide 10.

If you're citing a slideshow you attended in person as a source, provide the date and location of the presentation. If the presentation is part of a course, include the name of the course as well:

Perez, Juan. "How to Design Graphics That Sell With Examples." Web Design 101: Introduction to Web Design, April 10, 2018, Anytown Community College. Slide 10.

If you've got other types of sources you need to cite in APA Style or if you've got questions about MLA style, you can find answers on the MLA Style site . You can learn more about the Modern Language Association their site.

Helpful Presentation Templates for Students and Educators

Whether you're a student, college professor, or primary school teacher (or other type of educational professional) — your job probably involves giving a lot of presentations. If you're looking for a presentation PowerPoint template you should consider getting a premium template. Premium templates can save you a lot of time because they come prebuilt with professional design elements already in place. All you need to do is paste your own images and information into the handy placeholders. And, they're really easy to use.

Of course, you could create your own PowerPoint slide designs from scratch. But that can be time-consuming—especially if you're not a professional graphic designer. You're much better off using a premade template to get a head start on the way your presentation looks. That way, you can spend the bulk of your project time on research and writing.

If you're a professor, teacher, or even a student who creates a lot of PowerPoint presentations, you'll want to consider investing in an Envato Elements  subscription. For one low monthly price you'll get unlimited access to our entire library of easy-to-use PowerPoint templates, WordPress themes, video tutorials, and more. It's an investment you'll use again and again.

Even if you just have an occasional need for a PowerPoint presentation template, you can still access a library of professionally designed templates through GraphicRiver for a one-time fee.

Let's take a look at some of the best PowerPoint presentation templates for educators and students from Envato Elements and GraphicRiver :

1. Creativa Education PowerPoint

The Creativa Education PowerPoint template works well for any educational purpose. This attractive theme includes templates for 30 unique slides. Plus, there are three premade color themes. Both widescreen and standard format templates are included. If you're a university student, you may want to take a closer look at this one.

2. Fresh Creative Chalkboard Presentation  

This fun PowerPoint template is perfect for teachers and other educators. Simulate a chalkboard with either the classic green or a stylish gray background. Great for the classroom or even a learning-themed presentation. The template includes the Scratch kit font. There's also a PSD file with a smart object layer.

3. Education& Science Infographic PowerPoint

Here's the perfect theme with great editable infographics! This colorful science-themed template is full of education-friendly features:

• Easy-to-edit
• Documentation

If you're a science teacher, be sure to explore this kid-friendly PowerPoint template.

4. Campuz- University PowerPoint Template

Whether you're a teacher, a professor, or a student—you'll love the Campuz - University PowerPoint Template. It's chock full of useful features. For example, it 25 map slides that would be just perfect for a geography or history lesson. It also includes 24/7 support.

5. Puzzle- Education PowerPoint Template

Make learning fun with this puzzle-themed template. And who doesn't love a good puzzle? This great template includes 30 unique slides (including an infographic). Plus, there are three different premade color themes. And there are templates for both wide screen and standard formats. Just replace the image placeholders with your own pictures and add your own text.

6. Education PowerPoint Presentation Template

This popular education template provides plenty of options. And it comes with free support. Here's just some of what it includes:

• 54 unique slides
• 90 color themes
• 3 aspect rations
• Light and dark backgrounds

Don't overlook this one!

7. Solar System Education Presentation

Whether you're a student with a science presentation or an someone who teaches science you'll love this unique presentation template on the solar system. And it comes with 34 custom slides. It's based on free fonts. This would be especially good for teachers of the primary grades.

8. Education Template

The Education template works well for both educational and business presentations. With over 2700 vector icons and 5 pre-made color schemes, this is a very flexible template. It includes map infographics. All the graphics are editable.

9. Armeni: PowerPoint Presentation

Here's a great business PowerPoint presentation template that can be used for professional presentations as well as educational presentations. This attractive minimalist design will help your slideshow to capture your audience's attention. Choose from 54 different unique slides. It's built with the PowerPoint slide master tool so your presentation stays consistent.

10. Kids Presentation Template

The Kids Presentation Template features bright, cheerful designs and primary colors. This would be great for a primary school teacher or even a principal! There are more than 30 unique slides. Choose between 17 color schemes. And it works with three different aspect rations (16:9, 4:3, and A4). Plus it's easy to customize by adding your own images and text.

Learn Even More About Using PowerPoint

In this tutorial, you learned how to cite PowerPoint presentations using two popular style guides: APA format and MLA format. Whether you're a teacher or a student, citing your references properly is important for academic projects.

If you want to learn all about how to use PowerPoint, study one   of our  PowerPoint learning guides .  Here are some of our most popular PowerPoint tutorials to get you started:

If you'd like to explore more great premium PowerPoint templates to get a head start on your next presentation slideshow, this article features some great templates for inspiration:

For more details on how to use a PowerPoint presentation, study this tutorial:

Get This New eBook on Making Great Presentations ( Free Download )

We have just the right complement to an educational PowerPoint template, that'll help you learn the complete process of how to write, design, and deliver great presentations.

Download  The Complete Guide to Making Great Presentations   now for FREE with a subscription to the Tuts+ Business Newsletter. Get your ideas formed into a powerful presentation that will move your audience.

Use the Proper Style to Cite Presentations for Your Next Academic Project

Citing sources in PowerPoint for academic projects can be tricky. You just learned the right way to cite a PowerPoint in APA format or MLA format. We've also explored the benefits of using templates as a head start when you create your own presentation. Plus, you've seen some of our best education-themed templates from  Envato Elements  and GraphicRiver.

Good luck on your next academic project!

MLA Citation Guide (9th Edition): Class Notes and Presentations

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Instructor's presentation slides (e.g. powerpoint), class lecture heard in person, instructor's notes or handout provided in class, article from course pack prepared by instructor.

Note : For your Works Cited list, all citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

Instructor's Last Name, First Name. "Title of PowerPoint Presentation." Title of Course, Date of PowerPoint presentation, Columbia College. Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.

Paulson, Paul. "ANTH 110: Week 2: The Nature of Culture." Anthropology 110, 15 Jan. 2016, Columbia College. Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.

(Instructor's Last Name)

Example: (Paulson, slide 5)

Note: if you know the slide number, include it in your in-text citation. If not, leave it out.

Learn more: See  MLA Handbook ,   p. 52 for examples of descriptions at the end of citations. P.70 shows that course titles are not italicized.

Instructor's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Lecture." Title of Course, Date of lecture, Columbia College. Lecture.

Paulson, Paul. "The Nature of Culture." Anthropology 110, 15 Jan. 2016. Columbia College. Lecture.

Example: (Paulson)

Learn more: p.52 of the MLA Handbook provides an example of a lecture heard in person. P. 70 shows that course titles are not italicized.

Instructor's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Handouts/Notes." Name of Course, Columbia College. Date handout was received. Course handout.

Kurtis, Mark. "Critical Analysis." English 100, Columbia College. Received 5 May 2016. Course handout.

Example: (Kurtis)

Learn more: See MLA Handbook , p. 52 for examples of descriptions at the end of citations. P.70 shows that course titles are not italicized.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Course pack for Name of Course, compiled by First Name Last Name of Instructor, Semester, Columbia College.

Brown, Stephen. "Ethical Use of Language." Course pack for English 100, compiled by Dan Smith, Winter 2020, Columbia College.

(Author's Last Name Page Number)

Example: (Brown 20)

Learn more: See MLA Style Guide at  https://style.mla.org/citing-course-pack-material

MLA Handbook

Abbreviating Months

In your works cited list, abbreviate months as follows: 

January = Jan. February = Feb. March = Mar. April = Apr. May = May June = June July = July August = Aug. September = Sept. October = Oct. November = Nov. December = Dec.

Spell out months fully in the body of your paper. 

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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Lecture/PPT

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How to cite from Blackboard?

If you retrieved lecture documents (not a journal article or an item available freely online) through a password protected portal such as Blackboard, you should not include the long URL from the Blackboard entry, instead use the homepage of Blackboard (i.e. Blackboard website: http://blackboard.gwu.edu).

NOTE: When citing online lecture notes, provide the file format in brackets after the lecture title (e.g. [PowerPoint], [PDF] documents).

WRONG: Frank, B. (2015). Lecture 4: Psychophysiology [PowerPoint slides]. https://blackboard.gwu.edu/webapps/blackboard/content  listContent.jsp?course_id=_241832_1&content_id=_6002642_1

Important Note: This format would be used if you were citing a set of notes and/or documents from a lecture (e.g. PDF, Excel, Word document, or PowerPoint slides provided by your instructor).

Tip : Cite information from your own personal notes from a lecture as personal communication and refer to it only in the body of your essay. Follow the format examples for a personal communication available under the Interview section.

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Lecture title [Format]. URL of website.

(Smith, 2010)

Butera, G. (2017). Lecture 4: Demystifying APA citation [PowerPoint slides]. George Washington University Introduction to Public Health Services Blackboard: http://blackboard.gwu.edu

What are the APA rules for citing references in PPT?

APA has rules to support clear and concise writing and attribution of work but there are areas where they do not have a specific rule - and PowerPoint is one of them.

See: APA Blog " Dear Professor...Your Students Have Questions We Can't Answer"

So how to include references in PPT?  Use the following best practices but please note you should ALWAYS check with your instructor on their APA citation style preferences for PPT.

Question : Should I include my references on each slide or at the end of the PPT?

• Answer: If you include your references on each slide your slide may become too busy with too much text.  This can be distracting to your audience. 
• Best Practice: Consider adding an in-text citation on the slide and include all of your references at the end of the PPT presentation.

Question: How do I cite an image, table and/or figure on a PPT slide?

• Answer: Use the same guidelines for citing  images/tables/figures in APA in a paper and include your references at the end of the PPT presentation.
• Best Practice: Always include the proper citation directly under the table/figure following APA rules. Use a smaller text size to avoid distraction/too busy slide. (See APA Blog: Navigating Copyright: How to Cite Sources in a Table.

Question: Should my references be double spaced or single spaced?

• Answer: Although APA does require references to be double spaced  you may exercise flexibility and single space the references.
• Best Practice: Use single space and a smaller font size but otherwise follow the APA citation format for references (i.e list in alphabetical order, indent
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Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created).  Course code: Title of presentation  [PowerPoint presentation]. UWM. URL

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created).  Title of presentation: Subtitle if any  [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL

Note about h yperlinks:

It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.

All hyperlinks must include https://

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Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known).  Title of handout: Subtitle if any  [Class handout]. UWM. URL

Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known).  Course code: Title of handout  [Class handout]. UWM.

Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do  not  get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.

(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)

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APA 7th referencing style

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APA Question

To cite something from a course website or Learning Management System (ie. Blackboard, Canvas), that is only accessible by a specific group of people, follow this example:

Author, A. (Year).  Title of presentation   [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas.  https://canvas.westcoastuniversity.edu/ 

The type of material (PowerPoint slides, Lecture, Speech, etc.) is included in brackets as part of the citation.  The author is your instructor's name in the "Author, A." format.

However, if your citation is intended for professional publication or for a wider audience who will not have access to these sources (because they are not a student in your class), cite the source as a  personal communication .

For more information, visit  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/classroom-intranet-sources . 

Related Topics

• PowerPoint or Power Point
• Personal Communications
• Learning Management System or LMS

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / How to Cite a Lecture in APA

How to Cite a Lecture in APA

Lecture and PowerPoint presentations are often great sources of information for specific papers. This guide will show you how to cite lectures and PowerPoint presentation slides following APA 7th edition guidelines. The type of lecture (e.g., classroom, conference, etc.) and format of the information (saw lecture, accessed slides, etc.) will determine what citation format you use.

Guide overview

Citing a conference presentation

Citing a classroom presentation/lecture slides.

• Citing a classroom presentation/lecture you watched
• Citing a recorded presentation (video)

Troubleshooting

Presenter #1 Last name, F. M., & Presenter #2 Last Name, F. M. (Year, Month Day of conference). Name of presentation [Presentation format]. Name of Conference, Location. URL

Jacobson, T.E., & Mackey, T. (2013, April 10-13). What’s in the name?: Information literacy, metaliteracy, or transliteracy [Panel session]. Association of College & Research Libraries, Indianapolis, IN, United States. https://www.slideshare.net/tmackey/acrl-2013

In-text citation structure & example:

(Lecture Last Name, Year)

(Jacobson & Mackey, 2013)

If you are citing a classroom presentation file you’ve viewed or accessed, use the following structure.

Lecturer Last name, F. M. (Year, month date). Title of lecture [Description of file type]. Department name, university name. URL

Prosser, M. (2021, October 18). Introduction to rhetorical forms [PowerPoint slides]. English and Modern Languages Department, California Polytechnic State University. https://https://english.calpoly.edu/

(Lecturer Last Name, Year)

(Prosser, 2021)

Citing a presentation/lecture you have watched

If you are citing information you learned through a presentation/lecture you attended, FIRST see if you can find the documented source (e.g., book, article, etc.) the presenter got the information from. If the information is original and the presentation was the primary source, treat the information as personal communication.  This means you ONLY need to cite it in an in-text citation and no reference list entry is needed.

In-text citation structure & examples:

(Presenter First Initial., Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year of presentation)

(L. Koerte, personal communication, March 17, 2021)

L. Koerte (personal communication, March 17, 2021)

Citing a recorded presentation/lecture (video)

Cite the recording as you would cite a regular video. The person or channel who uploaded/published the video is credited as the “author” even if they did not conduct the presentation/lecture.

Uploader Last name, F. M. (Year, month date). Title of video [Video]. Website Name. URL

Stanford. (2002, January 13). Einstein’s general theory of relativity | Lecture 1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmf0bB38h0

(Uploader Last Name, Year)

(Stanford, 2002)

Solution #1: Citing a presentation that comes from a classroom’s website or learning management system (LMS)

If the slides you are citing come from a classroom website or learning management system (LMS) like Canvas or Blackboard, and you are writing for an audience that has access to the site, then provide the name of the site and the URL for the login page.

Reference page structure:

Last name, F. M. (Date). Presentation title in sentence case [PowerPoint slides]. LMS name@University name acronym. Link to login page

Reference page example:

Vincent, P. (2020).  Recognizing rhetorical devices in visual rhetoric  [PowerPoint slides]. Blackboard@ULV. https://idp.quicklaunchsso.com/laverne

In-text citation structure: 

Narrative citation: Last Name (Year)

Parenthetical citation: (Last Name, Year)

In-text citation examples:

Narrative citation: Vincent (2020)

Parenthetical citation: (Vincent, 2020)

APA Formatting Guide

APA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
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• et al Usage
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• Multiple Authors
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Parenthetical Citations
• Reference Page
• Sample Paper
• APA 7 Updates
• View APA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
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• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
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How to Cite a Professor's PowerPoint

Professors sometimes use a PowerPoint presentation to accompany lectures. In academic writing, you will likely use such resources to support your claim. Use citation and style guidelines to cite and reference the presentation to acknowledge your sources. Check with your professor to determine which writing style you should use.

PowerPoint Lecture

PowerPoint presentations can be cited as a lecture or a personal communication in American Psychological Association style. When using in-text citations for a lecture, cite the source using the professor’s last name and date.

On your References page, include the professor’s name and date, and put the presentation title in italics, noting the PowerPoint in brackets after the title.

For example: Henry, J. (2014). Romeo and Juliet [PowerPoint presentation]. Richmond, VA.

A personal communication is cited in-text but not on your source page, for example:

(J. Henry, personal communication, February 14, 2014).

For Modern Language Association style, your Works Cited includes the venue for the lecture, and the presentation title is in quotations, for example:

Henry, John. “Romeo and Juliet.” PowerPoint presentation. XYZ University. Richmond, VA. 14 February 2014. Keynote address.

Online PowerPoint

For online PowerPoint presentations, reference American Psychological Association as previously discussed, but include the URL. For example:

Henry, J. (2014). Romeo and Juliet [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://themakingoftragiclovestory.ppt.

List Modern Language Association as follows:

Henry, John. “Romeo and Juliet.” 14 February 2014. PowerPoint Presentation.

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Based in Virginia, Susan Harlow is an adjunct English professor and writing resource coordinator. She specializes in education and technical communication. She holds a Master of Arts in English with a concentration in literacy, technology and professional writing from Northern Arizona University.

Cite a presentation or lecture in APA style

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Use the following template or our APA Citation Generator to cite a presentation or lecture. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator .

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

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How to Cite a Lecture in MLA (8th Edition) | Format and Examples

Published on September 13, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on March 5, 2024.

In MLA style, the following format is used to cite a lecture or speech.

This format also applies to other types of oral presentation, such as a conference panel or a public talk. The format for citing PowerPoint slides is slightly different. To cite a video recording of a lecture, follow the format for citing videos , listing the speaker in the author position.

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Table of contents

Lecture titles and event names, lecture locations, descriptive labels, mla in-text citation for a lecture.

The title of the lecture appears in quotation marks . You can usually find the title in the course syllabus, the conference program, or publicity materials for the talk.

After the title, you add the name of the course, conference, or event the lecture was part of. Don’t use italics or quotation marks for this part.

It is possible to add more than one event name here. For example, conferences are often divided into themed sessions; after the title of the presentation, you can add both the session and the conference name if relevant.

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Often the location of the lecture will appear in the venue name . For example, many university names include the city where they are located. Note that “University” is abbreviated to “U” in an MLA Works Cited entry.

If the city is not already named, add it directly after the venue. If necessary, you can also add the state or country for clarity (for example, if there are multiple cities with the same name).

A short descriptive label (e.g. Lecture, Presentation, Keynote) can optionally be added at the end of the entry if it’s otherwise ambiguous what type of source you’re citing. A label can also be useful to clarify when you’re referring to a handout or slides (e.g. Lecture handout, PowerPoint presentation).

When you use information or ideas from a lecture in your paper, an MLA in-text citation requires only the last name of the lecturer, either in the text itself or in parentheses after the relevant information.

If you refer to a specific slide of a PowerPoint or page of a handout, you can add this to the in-text citation.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

McCombes, S. (2024, March 05). How to Cite a Lecture in MLA (8th Edition) | Format and Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 27, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/lecture-citation/

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Citation Guides

• Citation in speeches and presentations

Why cite your sources during a speech?

Understanding quoting and paraphrasing in your speech, what should an oral citation include.

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An oral citation conveys the reliability, validity and currency of your information . Citing your sources orally lets your audience know that you have researched your topic.

Failure to provide an oral citation is considered a form of plagiarism, even if you cite your sources in a written outline, bibliography, works cited page or list of references.

When you are delivering a speech, you must provide an oral citation for any words, information or ideas that are not your own.

When you are quoting a source word for word, you must both identify the source and make it obvious to your audience that you are quoting from the source. This can certainly be done using introductory words or phrases prior ot the quote, but you can also modify the tone of your voice and brief pauses to highlight the quote in your speech. 

In an article in the November, 2004 issue of the South African Journal of Psychology , Dr. Derek Hook, a professor of social psychology at the London School of Economics, stated that “Racism comprises a set of representations of the other in terms of negatively evaluative contents.”

PARAPHRASING

You are paraphrasing a source when you refer to someone else’s idea, but state that idea in your own words. Before you talk about the idea, you must still share the source with your audience.

According to the “Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet,” last updated in January 2012 by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, symptoms of Tourette syndrome include uncontrolled blinking, grimacing and shoulder shrugging.

Mention the author’s name, along with credentials to establish that author as a credible source. In some instances, a credible source can convey credibility to the author.

State the title of a book, magazine, journal or web site. You should identify the type of publication and provide a comment regarding credibility, especially if the publication is not widely recognized. Titles of articles do not necessarily have to be mentioned, unless you are using several articles from the same source or if the title conveys content you wish to share.

Always state the date of publication. For a newspaper, magazine or journal, this will be the edition date. For a book, look for the copyright. Look for a creation or last modified date on websites. Mention the date of airing if the source was on radio or television. If you are using information from an interview, give the date when the person was interviewed.

If you are using information from a website that doesn’t clearly show a date on the document, say the date that the web page was last updated and/or the date you accessed the website.

Here are two examples with these citation pieces highlighted:

In the May  24th , 2017  edition of the  New York Times ,  Pulitzer Prize winning author and foreign affairs columnist Thomas Friedman  wrote… 

In the September 2016 issue of Practice Nurse , a leading peer-reviewed journal for primary care nurses , author Mandy Galloway describes shingles as…

This page was adopted from the following sources

Pattni, Emily.  Library Guides: Oral Citation Guide: Home . https://libguides.csn.edu/. Accessed 24 Sept. 2024.

Lucas, Stephen.  The Art Of Public Speaking . 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.

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