Associate Professor, Microbiology
Microm 499 offers the opportunity to learn current laboratory technology essential for industry or graduate school, and to participate in scientific research at the conceptual and technical levels. Microm 499 can therefore be a very rewarding experience, however it is a demanding and time-consuming endeavor. It is not for everyone, and for this reason is not required of microbiology majors.
Consider carefully your ability to commit the necessary time and effort before deciding to do a Microm 499 project. It is expected that students will register for 2-3 credits of Microm 499 for AT LEAST 2 quarters (1 credit is equal to 3 hrs per week). Students should expect to spend a minimum of 6-10 hours per week in the laboratory, and should be somewhat flexible with regard to scheduling time in the lab. Normally, Microm 499 students will also register for Microm 496, Library Research , with the 499 advisor.
There are many ways to go about identifying a research mentor. You can go directly to one or more faculty member(s) with whom you might be interested in working, use the Undergraduate Research Program (URP) database, or use networking to try and find a spot in a lab.
Please be aware that not every laboratory may have an opening for a 499 student. Try to arrange your Microm 499 as far as possible in advance (1-2 Quarters) of the quarter you wish to begin. Once you have been accepted into a laboratory for Microm 499, Contact Josey Overfield, Academic Adviser, to obtain an entry code to register for the course. A C/NC grade is given for each Quarter of research. Most research mentors require that the results of your study be written up as a research report; Microm 496 can be used for this purpose.
Undergraduate Research in any department may be used as an elective, provided the research project has the prior approval of the Undergraduate Research Advisor. Use this form to get your research approved if it is outside of MICRO department.
University Honors Program and Microbiology with Distinction students are required to carry out a research project (Microm 495). The procedures for identifying a research mentor and the necessary time commitments are similar to those for Microm 499, as described above. The major difference is that Microm 495 students will receive research credit only upon submission and acceptance of their research paper ( Microm 496 ), and the research paper must be read by the research mentor and another faculty member (identified by the research mentor).
The Equity and Excellence in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (UW-EEPS) program provides research opportunities for talented undergraduate students from diverse social and cultural backgrounds to perform hands-on research in the basic biological and physical sciences, in the broadly defined areas of drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, cellular pharmacology, molecular pharmacology, biophysical virology, and microbiology.
For more information, please see their UW EEPS page: https://sop.washington.edu/UWeeps/
Collaborate with trainees like Lauren Augustyniak, who has experience in areas including bacterial viability and antigenic variation in infections.
Share in the excitement of scientific discovery while exploring career opportunities in microbiology, immunology and related biomedical fields.
Gain research experience in our labs and significantly enhance your undergraduate work. We offer valuable opportunities that go beyond classroom learning in biochemistry, biomedical science, the biological sciences or related fields.
You will engage in experiments as you are mentored by our faculty investigators . You may be able to volunteer, earn credit or fill a work-study position.
You also may be eligible to work with our faculty in university-wide programs that offer financial support, including:
As a student researcher, you will gain insight into the entire research process, learning from various members of your research team. Under your mentor’s guidance, you will build on skills and concepts from your coursework. You will contribute to new knowledge aimed at understanding disease mechanisms and organisms, and host defenses against them.
Our faculty also engage undergraduates in collaborative research through the Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology .
You may continue working in the same lab for a semester or longer, carrying out longer-term projects. This will give you a better opportunity to be listed as a co-author on publications in scientific journals. This will help make your resume competitive when you apply to graduate school, MD programs or other pursuits.
We give you several opportunities to share your research projects — usually through poster presentations — and vie for awards.
CURCA students present at the Celebration of Student Academic Excellence ; SURE participants at the Buffalo Summer Research Day. We also encourage you to present with your lab team at local and regional conferences on immunology, microbial pathogenesis and DNA replication and repair.
If you are a highly productive undergraduate student-researcher who makes major contributions to an important paper, you may have opportunities to present at national or international research forums. In these cases, the cost of your participation will almost certainly be supported through your mentor’s research grant or awards that you earn.
Participating in laboratory meetings gives you insight into life in a research lab and connects you to fellow researchers — from other undergraduates through senior faculty members.
In your lab, you also will have opportunities to gain experience with state-of-the-art techniques and processes.
Our undergraduate researchers have engaged in studies to:
Through our research tutorial course — MIC 499 Independent Study — we give you opportunities to play a small role in a microbiology or immunology research project. You will gain valuable laboratory experience while earning one to eight credits. You need to arrange to take the course with one of our faculty researchers who agrees to mentor you.
You may find a research mentor through several avenues:
Our searchable faculty profiles describe faculty research interests and ongoing projects:
Faculty who are actively seeking student researchers list their projects in the Experiental Learning Network . The Experiential Learning Network also maintains a listing of summer and national research opportunities.
Students participating in CSTEP can find lab mentors in the biomedical sciences.
Talk to faculty whose science classes you have taken. They may be able to suggest other faculty with whom you might work.
Student organizations host speakers, facilitate shadowing opportunities and connect you with peers who share your interests—all of which may help you find a project mentor.
If you have questions about our undergraduate research opportunities in microbiology or immunology, please contact:
Amy Jacobs, PhD
Research Associate Professor
955 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14203
Phone: (716) 829-2085
Email: [email protected]
Fall 2021 projects.
Student | Research Proposal |
---|---|
Whitney Brown | Characterizing the role of FOXP3 in ccRCC |
Ziche Chen | Intereations between LANA and Super-enhancers |
Anna Eberwein | Synaptic Dysfunction in the Drosophila Niemann Pick Type C Disease Model |
Ivy Han | Investigating tension in epithelial wound healing |
Cassidy Johnson | Elucidating Genes Involved in hoe-1-dependent UPRmt activation via a Forward Genetic Approach |
Grace Lee | Microtubule dynamics regulates gap junction trafficking and placement in the motor circuit |
Shuyang Lin | PGE2-G mediated P2Y6 signaling pathway |
Robert McCarthy | Survivability of E. Coli Rho and H-NS mutants in various pH ranges. |
Sharath Narayan | Identifying suppressor mutations in RNA polymerase to rescue replication-transcription conflicts |
Dev Patel | Effects of CSK inhibition on Atrial Fibrillation |
Jacque Pinon | The role of macrophages in obesity and metabolic disease |
Brittany Polevikov | Defining the pathogenic cascade of P. aeruginosa in UTIs |
Eddie Qian | Exosome treatment of ischemic kidney injury |
Bennett Schneier | Copper Homeostasis in UPEC Bacteria |
Elena Solopova | Correlation of White Matter MRI Hyperintensities with Expression of Lysyl Oxidase in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy |
Carly Stewart | The Impact of Infection on Fecundity in Insects |
Liraz Stilman | Telomeres and telomerase in yeast |
Navya Thakkar | Rhythm and Grammar |
Katherine Zhong | Negative Regulators of the Immune System |
Student | Research Proposal |
---|---|
Dhivyaa Anandan | Identifying mechanisms of tumor dormancy in the bone marrow |
Patrick Bray | Stress effects of restricgted feeding in mice |
Ivy Chen | The effect of domestication on cultural transmission of birdsong |
Dara Craig | Camera trapping in Ecology |
Jacob Edwards | Studies on GPBP within the extracellular matrix |
Elise Erman | Development of assay to monitor error fre repair in non-homologous end joining |
David Fei-Zhang | Characterization of BVES degrons |
Jacob Gussert | Studying the nature of circadian rhythms in bacteria isolated from the natural environment |
Alexis Gutierrez | Extracellular RNA |
Alexander Kuraj | Examining the effect of photoperiod on the Trek-1 channel in serotonin neurons |
Emily Layton | "Paternal Grandmother Age Affects the Strength of Wolbachia-Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in Drosophila melanogaster." |
Zelong Liu | Overexpression of xCT in noralized lung epithelial cells |
Abby Perry | Effect of co-infection on the immune response of tribolium flour beetles |
Carter Powers | The Effects of Temperature and Age on Immune Gene Expression in Anopheles gambiae |
Anish Raman | Intersection of HSPG expression at the drosophilia neuromuscular junction |
Saba Rehman | Characterization of neuregulin (NRG) trafficking |
Sabeen Rehman | Positional cloning of a novel gene regulating craniofacial development |
Zhan (Jack) Rong | The role of Rif1 in controlling DNA damage and structure during replication |
Faith Rovenolt | Characterizing and modeling co-infection in Tribolium |
Nicholas Ruppe | Mechanisms that regulate do novo telomere addition at a double-strand break |
Chloe Stallion | Comparison of genetic and liguistic character of Creolization in the Caribbean |
Emily Struttmann | Effects of high-salt conditions on H. pylori |
Amanda Sun | Determining the function of Rm62 in resolving R-loops |
Raymar Turangan | Immune priming in mosquitoes |
Claire Weinstein | The characerization of acinetobacter baumannii sensitivity to novel bacteriophages |
Matthew Xin | Characterizing the relationship between p73 and cigarette smoke |
Roger Yu | Protein trafficking and membrane biogenesis |
Eric Zhang | CK1 in DNA repair and Hhp1 as a model protein |
Danzhu Zhao | Quantifying the impact of ACK1 inhibition on the interferon gamma response in melanoma cells |
Junqin Zhu | Examining the role of ten elleven translocation enzymes in RNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine |
Participating in research as an undergraduate can be a very rewarding experience. Approximately 90% of Biology majors pursue an independent research project at some point during their undergraduate careers; some also pursue honors, and some do not.
Jump to: How to get started In-department research Out-of-department research Questions about enrolling
Biology majors in particular have a plethora of research opportunities in the Biology Department, departments in the Medical School, and labs at Hopkins Marine Station. To get started in searching for a potential lab, these are some great resources to consider:
Once you have narrowed down 3-5 of your top choices, use the following steps as a general guide:
Spend time thoroughly looking over the lab's website. This will give a lot of information including how large the lab is, what types of projects are underway, and how many and what kinds of publications are getting done.
Read through a few publications to familiarize yourself with the research. This will give you something to talk about when you set up a meeting with the faculty member, and it also shows a genuine interest in their work.
Email the faculty member asking for an appointment. Be sure to mention that you have looked through their website and publications. This shows that you have made an effort and have an interest in them specifically. Be prepared to discuss your specific research interests.
Send a generic email simply asking if there are spaces in their lab. This is not compelling, and you may not even get a response.
Assume that the faculty member knows who you are. Briefly introduce yourself as a Biology major interested in pursuing ____.
Remember: politeness and persistence are important!
Once you have found and been accepted into a lab, you are strongly encouraged to enroll in academic credit for your work in the lab. The general formula for determining units is: 1 unit=3 hours of work per week.
Students doing research in Biology Department labs can study anything from cell biology, genetics, and plants to ecology, conservation, and marine biology. To get academic credit for Biology Department research (which can also count toward Biology major electives and Biology Honors requirements), students should enroll in their faculty member's section of BIO 199.
Be sure to discuss the number of units and grading options ahead of time with your faculty research advisor. No petition is required to enroll in BIO 199, and students in any major are welcome to enroll provided they have permission from the faculty member.
Autumn 2024 – October 2, 2024, 3:00 pm Winter 2025 – January 15, 2025, 3:00 pm Spring 2025 – April 9, 2025, 3:00 pm
Many students find research opportunities in labs outside the Biology Department. BIO 199X is available for declared Biology majors only. If you are not a Biology major, consider enrolling under your PI's home department subject code, e.g. MED 199. Once you declare the major, you will submit a BIO 199X petition and start enrolling under that subject code.
You must submit your BIO 199X petition within one quarter of declaring the Biology major in order to receive credit toward your major electives .
For Honors, only your BIO 199/X units count from your junior and senior years.
Students only need to petition ONCE to work with the same sponsor. If you switch labs, you will be required to submit a new petition.
The research field is expected to encompass biological concepts and processes. Projects should be empirical or theoretical biological research, consisting of independent and original scientific work by the student. Applied clinical, environmental, or technological studies may be appropriate in cases where there is a major analytical, experimental or observational component to the study, involving independent conceptual, field or laboratory work by the student. Simply collecting data or samples from human subjects or interviewees, collating data, doing repetitive technical work, or doing statistical analysis is not sufficient for Bio 199X credit. Students should discuss the nature of their projects with their Departmental advisors prior to petitioning for approval, if there is any doubt about appropriateness.
Sponsors should be Academic Council members (assistant, associate, or full professors) if possible. If you are not sure if your research sponsor is an Academic Council member, search on Stanford Who in the "Search in Stanford view." If your sponsor is not an Academic Council member you will need to find a faculty member in the Department of Biology to serve as a co-sponsor of your research. This can be your faculty advisor if appropriate.
To petition for BIO 199X credit , students must submit the following items to the Biology Form Submission website or in Gilbert 118:
Fill out the Petition and Research Sponsorship Form (Fillable)
Your research proposal should be at least 2-3 pages in length (double spaced, not including references and figures) and should be organized as described below using the following headings. Also please include your Sponsor's name and department at the top.
Title of Research Project
Objective of research . Briefly and clearly state the question that your research is designed to address. Explain the specific aims of the research.
Background and Significance . Using appropriate background information which is appropriately referenced, indicate the significance of your research.
Experimental design . Describe the project design you will use to carry out your research including methods and materials. Indicate how these techniques will allow you to address your research question. Note the following: 1) research involving vertebrate animals requires that your sponsor have an approved Animal Use Protocol on file with the University Panel on Laboratory Animal Care; 2) work with radioactive substances requires certification in the University’s radiation safety course; 3) work with pathogenic organisms requires special training and precautions 4) work with human material requires that you complete the Human Subjects Training. If any of these apply, describe them in your proposal.
Possible results . Describe the expected outcome of your research, indicating how the data collected will be used to draw conclusions regarding the research question. Throughout your proposal, be specific about your own work: do not simply state the goals of the lab in which you are working. Stress the biological concepts you are using and your understanding of the methodology. The proposal should clearly show some level of independence in your research, the feasibility of the project, and an understanding of the basic biology involved. If this is your first Quarter of Bio 199X and you do not yet have your own project, but are helping someone else in the lab on their project while learning concepts and methods, then describe the project that you are working on instead.
Print or email the sponsor information sheet and give it to your sponsor for their reference.
Submit your Petition Form and Research Description to both your PI and major advisor well ahead of the submission deadline! Both readers will need time to review your proposal and provide feedback for revisions.
If you're unsure if you should enroll in BIO 199, BIO 199X, or something else (e.g. MED 199), use this decision tree to make your decision. Still unsure? ayalamac [at] stanford.edu (subject: BIO%20199X%20Enrollment) (Contact the student services office) .
Ohio State University
Microbiology
Research Opportunities For Microbiology Majors
Below, we have provided information about research opportunities that are available to our undergraduates. We encourage you to explore these opportunities. Please contact the Microbiology Undergraduate Advisor or the Undergraduate Research Advisor if you have questions about these or other programs.
A student who is interested in research opportunities should follow these steps:
Points to remember
Honors research
Seniors have the option to enroll in Microbiology H783, which involves a written thesis. To find out more about this program, contact the Undergraduate Honors Advisor.
Exciting research opportunities are available at universities across the country for students to participate in summer research experience programs. More information on these programs can be found at : http://www.nsf.gov/home/crssprgm/reu/start.htm.
A world of exploration. a world of expertise..
• Look below to find summer and term-time Harvard research opportunities on campus and abroad. • For summer programs at other sites, see Summer Programs Away in the tab on the right. • For selected undergraduate science research opportunities at Harvard, see the Undergraduates: Open Research Positions & Projects tab on the right.
Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (BCMP) Summer Scholars Program Brigham Research Institute Undergraduate Internships Broad Institute at Harvard Summer Program CARAT Cell Biology Research Scholars Program (CRSP) Center for Astrophysics Solar Research Experience for Undergraduates Program CURE, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center DaRin Butz Research Internship Program on Biology of Plants and Climate Ernst Mayer Travel Grants in Animal Systematics E3 Evolution, Ecology and Environment REU Harvard-Amgen Scholars Program Harvard College Funding Sources Database Harvard College Research Program (HCRP) Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology Harvard Global Health Institute Funding for Independent Projects and Internships Harvard Global Health Institute Cordeiro Summer Research Fellowship Harvard Global Health Institute Domestic and Global Health Fellowships Harvard Medical School Undergraduate Summer Internship in Systems Biology Harvard Multidisciplinary International Research Training (MIRT) Program Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology HST Summer Institute Harvard Origins of Life Initiative Harvard School of Public Health Summer Program in Biological Sciences Harvard School of Public Health Summer Program in Biostatistics & Computational Biology Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Student Employment Office Harvard Summer Research Program in Kidney Medicine Harvard University Center for the Environment Undergraduate Fund Herchel Smith-Harvard Undergraduate Science Research Program (any science area) International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) McLean Hospital Mental Health Summer Research Program MCZ Grants-in-Aid for Undergraduate Research MGH Orthopedic Trauma Undergraduate Summer Program MGH Summer Research Trainee Program MGHfC Digestive Disease Summer Research Program Microbial Sciences Initiative Mind, Brain, Behavior Summer Thesis Award PRISE (any science or engineering area) Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) at the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Summer Institute in Biomedical Informatics, HMS Summer Program in Epidemiology, HSPH STARS - Summer Training in Academic Research Training and Scholarship Summer Research Opportunities at Harvard Summer Research Program, Division of Newborn Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital Summer Undergraduate Research in Global Health (SURGH) Radcliffe Institute Research Partnership Program Ragon Institute Summer Program The Arnold Arboretum The Joey Hanzich Memorial Undergraduate Travel and Research Fellowship Undergraduate Research in Mathematics Undergraduate Research Opportunities in Oceanography Undergraduate Summer Immunology Program at Harvard Medical School Undergraduate Summer Research in Physics
Harvard College Funding Sources Database - Database of both Harvard and outside funding sources for a variety of educational purposes, including research. Additional database: https://uraf.harvard.edu/find-opportunities/resources-your-search/campus-partners
The Harvard Student Employment Office manages a Jobs Database , the Faculty Aide Program and the Federal Work Study Program . All of these programs may offer student research assistant opportunities. The site also provides information about Job Search Resources and Research Opportunities .
CARAT – CARAT (Common Application for Research and Travel) is used by all the major funding sources at Harvard.
Harvard College Research Program (HCRP) – Summer (or term time) stipend. Applications from the Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships at 77 Dunster Street.
Deadlines: Fall term funding: 12 noon (EST), Tuesday, September 14, 2021 Spring term funding: 12 noon (EST), Tuesday, February 1, 2022 Summer funding: 12 noon (EST), Tuesday, March 22, 2022 [TENTATIVE]
Late applications will not be accepted for term-time or summer cycles.
Conference funding: rolling application deadline
Summer Research Opportunities at Harvard
The Summer Research Opportunities at Harvard (SROH) program connects undergraduates interested in a PhD with first-class researchers working in the life and physical sciences, humanities, and social sciences. This program is offered through GSAS and the Leadership Alliance .
During this 10-week program, SROH interns conduct research and participate in discussions with Cambridge-based Harvard faculty, build their presentation and research discussion skills, and take part in field trips with other Harvard summer programs. Students in the program live in Harvard housing and enjoy access to the outstanding resources of the university.
Note that we also have funding for students interested in atmospheric sciences as part of the NSF-supported International Partnership in Cirrus Studies project. Please see pire.geosci.uchicago.edu for information on participating faculty. Research focuses on modeling and measurement of high-altitude clouds.
PRISE – The Program for Research in Science and Engineering (PRISE) is a summer residential community of Harvard undergraduates conducting research in science or engineering. By the application deadline students must be progressing toward finding a lab or research group but do not need to have finalized their research group or project. Participants must be in residence and be active participants for the entire duration of this ten week program.
Deadline: Tuesday, February 15, 2022 at 12:00 noon (EST)
Herchel Smith-Harvard Undergraduate Science Research Program – Primarily directed toward students intending to pursue research-intensive concentrations and post-graduate study in the sciences. Undergraduate research either at Harvard or elsewhere, including internationally. Applications from the Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships .
Deadline: Tuesday, February 8, 2022 at 12:00 noon (EST) via CARAT
Harvard-Amgen Scholars Program -- The Amgen Scholars Program at Harvard is a 10-week faculty-mentored residential summer research program in biotechnology for sophomores (with four quarters or three semesters of college experience), juniors, or non-graduating seniors (who are returning in the fall to continue undergraduate studies)
Deadline : Tuesday, February 1, 2022, 12 noon
Harvard Origins of Life Initiative
Research Grants: Harvard undergraduates can apply for grants to support their research during the academic year.
Summer Undergraduate Program: Summer Undergraduate Research Grants are available for undergraduates working in Origins member faculty on Origins-related projects. Possible research areas include astronomy, astrophysics, chemical biology, geophysics, chemistry, genetics, and earth and planetary sciences.
iGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machine) team - The iGEM team is a research experience targeted toward undergraduates interested in synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering.
Mind, Brain, Behavior – Summer Thesis Awards for rising seniors in the MBB track. Applications through MBB.
If interested, contact Shawn Harriman in March of your junior year.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI) Internship Program (HIP) – for students interested in stem cell biology research. Students conduct research in labs affiliated with the HSCI. Accepted students are matched with a research laboratory group. or any college or university across the United States and internationally. Harvard University will sponsor the visas for international students who are selected for this program.
Deadline: Feb 7, 2022
Harvard Summer Research Program in Kidney Medicine (HSRPKM) - an introduction to nephrology (kidney medicine) for the undergraduates considering career paths spanning science and medicine. The Program includes nephrology divisions of four Harvard-affiliated hospitals – Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston’s Children’s Hospital (BCH) and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).
Deadline : check the program website: https://hskp.bwh.harvard.edu/
BCMP Summer Scholars Program at Harvard University is organized by the The Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (BCMP) at Harvard Medical School. This 10-week program is open to both Harvard undergraduates and to students from other colleges and universities. Students must be authorized to work in the United States.
Deadline: contact program for details
Undergraduate Summer Immunology Program at Harvard Medical School - a ten week summer research internship with a stipend. The program consists of laboratory research, lectures, and workshops and is open to Harvard undergraduates and students from other colleges and universities. Applicants must be eligible for employment in the US.
Deadline: contact program
Microbial Sciences Initiative - Summer research with Harvard Faculty. Email applications to Dr. Karen Lachmayr .
Deadline: contact program
Summer Undergraduate Research in Global Health (SURGH) offers Harvard undergraduates the opportunity to research critical issues in global health under the direction of a Harvard faculty or affiliate mentor. Students in SURGH receive housing in the Harvard Undergraduate Research Village and a stipend for living expenses. The summer savings requirement is also provided for students who are on financial aid. Throughout the summer, participants in SURGH have the opportunity to interact with students in the other on-campus research programs.
Domestic and Global Health Fellowships (DGHI) offers Harvard undergraduates the opportunity to work in field-based and office-based internships in both US health policy and global health. Sites can be domestic or international. Students receive a stipend to cover travel expenses to and from their site, living expenses, and local transportation. Unfortunately DGHI cannot cover the summer savings requirement for students who are on financial aid.
Harvard Global Health Institute Funding for Independent Projects and Internships
Funding for projects in the United States and abroad.
Deadline: contact program
The Joey Hanzich Memorial Undergraduate Travel and Research Fellowship provides up to $5000 to a rising junior or rising senior enrolled in the Secondary Field in Global Health and Health Policy (or another field) who pursues a summer internship, project or research in health policy or global health, either in the United States or abroad.
Cordeiro Summer Research Fellowship Registered GHHP students may apply for a Cordeiro Summer Research Fellowship for the summer before their senior year. Each year 12 to 15 fellowships allow students to get a head start on their senior theses or research projects related to global health or health policy without incurring major costs to themselves.
Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology HST Summer Institute - The HST Summer Institute offers hands-on research experience for undergraduates in two areas of study: Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Optics . Participating institutions include the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School.
Deadline : contact program
MCZ Grants-in-Aid for Undergraduate Research -The Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), the Harvard University Herbaria (HUH), and the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University (AA) award small grants in support of faculty-supervised research by Harvard College undergraduates.
Deadlines: contact program
Ernst Mayer Travel Grants in Animal Systematics
Proposals are reviewed two times a year.
The Arnold Arboretum : Fellowships are available to support undergraduate research
Living Collections Fellowship – Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
Hunnewell Internships – Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
Summer Short Course in Organismic Plant Biology Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology - The Harvard Forest Summer Research (REU) program is an intensive 11-week residential research and education experience at the Harvard Forest, a 3,700-acre outdoor laboratory and classroom in central Massachusetts. Students conduct research on the effects of natural and human disturbances on forest ecosystems, including global climate change, hurricanes, forest harvest, changing wildlife dynamics, and invasive species. The program includes a stipend, free housing, all meals, and the travel cost of one round trip to Harvard Forest. This program is open to not only Harvard undergraduates, but also students from all colleges and universities in the United States.
Harvard University Center for the Environment Undergraduate Fund provides financial support for student research projects related to the environment. In the context of this program, 'environment' refers to understanding the relationships and balances of the natural and constructed world around us, with a particular emphasis on understanding how anthropogenic activities and policies affect the environment, including the intimate relationships between energy use and demand, environmental integrity and quality, human health, and climate change. Two types of funding are available: 1) Funds for independent research (preference given to rising seniors seeking funds for senior honors thesis research) and 2) Research Assistantships (directed summer research experiences under Harvard faculty guidance). Award are intended to be applied towards living expenses (room, board), travel expenses related to research activities, and minor research expenses (for students doing independent research projects) for up to 10 weeks. Awards are not intended to serve as a salary stipend for students.
Undergraduate Research Opportunities in Oceanography : The Harvard Oceanography Committee has funding and fellowships for both term time and summer research.
Harvard School of Public Health Summer Program in Biological Sciences - This intensive 8 week laboratory-based biological research program is for undergraduates during the summer following their sophomore or junior years.
Additional programs at the HSPH:
STARS - Summer Training in Academic Research Training and Scholarship - provides underrepresented minority (URM) medical and undergraduate students an opportunity to engage in exciting basic, clinical and translational research projects during the summer at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS). Housing and stipend provided.
Radcliffe Institute Research Partnership Program -- The Radcliffe Institute Research Partnership Program matches students with leading artists, scholars, scientists, and professionals. Radcliffe Fellows act as mentors and students provide research assistance, acquire valuable research skills, and participate in the Institute’s rich intellectual life.
Harvard School of Public Health Summer Program in Biostatistics & Computational Biology
MGH Summer Research Trainee Program
The goal of the MGH Summer Research Trainee Program (SRTP) is to inspire students who are underrepresented in medicine (URM) to consider careers in academic medicine by immersing them in cutting-edge research opportunities. Each summer, fifteen students are selected from a nationwide competition to join SRTP. Each student is assigned to a specific MGH laboratory, clinical site, health policy, or health services research area where they undertake an original research project under the mentorship and guidance of a Mass General Hospital (MGH) investigator. Assignments are carefully considered and are made with the student's research and career interests in mind. In addition to this unique research experience, students will gain knowledge through weekly didactic seminars, both at the MGH and at Harvard Medical School, attend career development workshops and networking event, and have opportunities for clinical shadowing.
Application deadline: contact program
MGHfC Digestive Disease Summer Research Program
Massachusetts General Hospital for Children (MGHfC) Digestive Disease Summer Research Program provides support for 10 students at the undergraduate or medical school level. Each student will be matched with a research mentor to perform an independent research project focused on digestive diseases over a 10-week period during the summer months within a laboratory or collaborating laboratory of the MGHfC. MGHfC collaborating laboratories at MGH possess unique expertise in engineering and computational sciences in support of various projects centered on digestive disease research.
Contact: Bryan P. Hurley, Ph.D., Assistant Professor & Program Director, Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, [email protected] , http://www.massgeneral.org/mucosal-immunology/Education/summer-research-program.aspx
Broad Institute at Harvard Summer Program
Broad Summer Research Program BSRP is a nine-week undergraduate research program designed for students with an interest in genomics and a commitment to research. Students spend the summer in a laboratory at the Broad Institute, engaged in rigorous scientific research under the guidance of experienced scientists and engineers. Underrepresented minority students enrolled in a four-year college are eligible to apply.
Broad Summer Scholars Program BSSP invites a small number of exceptional and mature high school students with a keen interest in science to spend six weeks at the Broad Institute, working side-by-side with scientists in the lab on cutting-edge research. Rising seniors who live within commuting distance to the Broad Institute are eligible to apply.
DaRin Butz Research Internship Program The program gives undergraduates in the life sciences a unique opportunity to experience research from start to finish while gaining training and connections among scientific colleagues. DaRin Butz Interns will not only conduct research, but will also develop their project with their advisors and be guided through the process of sharing their research through written reports and oral presentations, an important component of scientific research.
MGH Orthopedic Trauma Undergraduate Summer Program
The Harvard Orthopedic Trauma Service provides number of undergraduate opportunities:
Orthopedic Internship
This internship is for undergraduate and graduate/medical students who are looking for exposure to Orthopaedic clinical and basic research.
Orthopedic Trauma Undergraduate Summer Internship
Our program is intended for undergraduates interested in healthcare careers. Our interns are introduced to the hospital experience through orthopedic research and observation.
Women's Sports Medicine Summer Internship Program
Learn more about this month long internship open to medical and premedical students.
Summer Research Program, Division of Newborn Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital
Summer Student Research Program sponsored by the Harvard Program in Neonatology, an academic program which includes Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC). The objective of the Summer Student Research Program is to provide motivated students with an intensive laboratory and clinical research experience under the guidance of Faculty and Fellow mentors from the Academic Program. The Summer Program experience includes:
Brigham Research Institute Undergraduate Internships
The internship programs hosted by the Brigham Research Institute provides undergraduate students with a focused and challenging summer research experience in a cutting-edge science laboratory. Interns will have the opportunity to obtain a research training experience in a laboratory or research setting at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.
Deadlines: check program website
Undergraduate Summer Research in Physics
Undergraduate Research in Mathematics
CURE, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center
The CURE program introduces scientifically curious high school and college students from groups currently underrepresented in the sciences to the world of cancer research. Students are placed in laboratories and research environments at the seven DF/HCC member institutions: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Massachusetts General Hospital, as well as research environments at the University of Massachusetts, Boston.
Ragon Institute Summer Program
The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard brings together scientists and engineers from diverse fields to better understand the immune system and support human health.
Deadline: check program website
Harvard Medical School Undergraduate Summer Internship in Systems Biology
The Undergraduate Summer Internship is our headline program enabling undergraduate students to collaborate with our researchers, as well as their own peers, through Harvard's Quantitative Biology Initiative and the Department of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School. Participants work in our labs, gain hands-on experience with state-of-the-art tools, learn cutting-edge scientific techniques in our dynamic research environment. Students interested in pursuing a PhD or MD/PhD, and students from under-represented minorities or disadvantaged backgrounds, are especially encouraged to apply.
The Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) is a 10-week program that introduces undergraduates to bioengineering, materials research, nanoscience, and engineering while providing a coordinated, educational, and dynamic research community that inspires them to seek a graduate degree.
Scientists from the Solar and Stellar X-Ray Group (SSXG) and the Solar, Stellar, and Planetary Group (SSP) at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) host undergraduate students from around the US. Please visit the website for more information .
E3 Evolution, Ecology and Environment REU
We are seeking rising sophomores, juniors and seniors majoring in the life sciences who would like to join a new Research Experience for Undergraduates program based in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (OEB) at Harvard University. Members of the program will enjoy cutting edge research experiences within the context of a strong mentorship community made up of faculty, graduate students, and peers. In addition, members will participate in a professional development program that is aimed at preparing students for the graduate school application process, building confidence to succeed in graduate school, and exploring long-term career opportunities. These professional development activities will include attendance of the annual Leadership Alliance National Symposium (LANS) research and mentoring conference. The E3 REU is part of a larger umbrella program, hosted by the Harvard GSAS Summer Research Opportunities at Harvard (SROH) .
Program website: https://reu.oeb.harvard.edu/sroh
Harvard Multidisciplinary International Research Training (MIRT) Program
The 10-week Systems Biology Summer Internship Program enables interns to work on research projects spanning many scientific fields, including systems biology, biophysics, bioinformatics, genomics, applied mathematics, and computation.
McLean Hospital Mental Health Summer Research Program
This competitive program seeks to engage scientific curiosity , create research opportunities , and promote academic success in mental health fields for promising young Black, Indigenous and underrepresented People of Color (BIPOC) interested in science . We had our first, very successful MMHRSP last summer, and applications are now open for next summer. MMHRSP is an intensive, 10-week, full-time mental health/neuroscience research experience at McLean Hospital. McLean is the primary psychiatric teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School and is located in Belmont, MA ( https://www.mcleanhospital.org/ ). Chosen Fellows will receive a $7,000 stipend for the 10-week program.
https://www.mcleanhospital.org/training/student-opportunities#research
https://www.mcleanhospital.org/news/new-summer-research-program-welcomes-undergraduates-color
The Cell Biology Research Scholars Program provides a 10-week full-time research opportunity to undergraduate students with a passion for scientific discovery and fundamental biology. Students will be hosted by faculty investigators to work on cutting-edge research projects and participate in training workshops and mentoring activities in preparation for a productive scientific research career.
Summer Institute in Biomedical Informatics , now entering its 15th year, is a 9-week full-time extensive research opportunity with a curriculum including didactic lectures, clinical case studies, a mentored research project, and presentation of findings.
The Summer Program in Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is an intensive 5-week program that integrates mathematics and quantitative methods to provide students with an understanding of the skills and processes necessary to pursue a career in public health.
Biodiversity of Hispaniola Booth Fund Fellowship Cognitive Neurosciences at the University of Trento, Italy Darwin and the Origins of Evolutionary Biology, Oxford, England David Rockefeller International Experience Grant Harvard-Bangalore Science Initiative Harvard Summer School Study Abroad in the Sciences HCRP Herchel Smith-Harvard Undergraduate Science Research Program International Summer Undergraduate Research in Global Health (I-SURGH) RIKEN Center for Allergy and Immunology, Japan RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan Rosenkrantz Travel Grants Study Abroad in Paris, France The Office of Career Services (OCS) awards Undergraduate Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences Undergraduate Research in Mathematics Undergraduate Summer Research in Physics Weissman International Internship
Harvard Summer School Study Abroad in the Sciences
In 2015 Harvard Summer School Science Study Abroad programs will be offered in the Dominican Republic, England, Italy, France, and Japan. See below for links to information on each of these programs.
Darwin and the Origins of Evolutionary Biology - Oxford, England.
Prerequisites: None. Apply through Harvard Summer School.
Information: Andrew Berry
RIKEN Center for Allergy and Immunology - Yokohama, Japan.
Laboratory research in immunology. Students will also receive some Japanese language training. Apply through Harvard Summer School.
Accepted students may apply to the Reischauser Institute for scholarships to help defray the costs of the program.
RIKEN Brain Science Institute – Laboratory Research in Neurobiology, Tokyo, Japan.
Prerequisites: Neurobiology of Behavior (MCB 80) or Animal Behavior (OEB 50); laboratory experience preferred but not required. Apply through Harvard Summer School.
Biodiversity of Hispaniola - Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. This six-week course covers basic prinicples of ecology, evolution, and island biogeography in the context of the diversity of habitats and organisms on the island of Hispaniola.
Prerequisites: course work in biology
Information: Brian Farrell
Cognitive Neurosciences at the University of Trento - Trento, Italy
This eight-week program at the University of Trento, Italy, organized by the Mind/Brain/Behavior Initiative, provides students a unique opportunity to study the mind/brain. Taught by leaders in the fields of neuroscience and cognitive science, the program includes daily, hands-on, laboratory sessions (e.g., neuroimaging demos) and Italian language classes, all while surrounded by the breathtaking Italian Alps.
Information: Alfonso Caramazza
Study Abroad in Paris, France
Biology and the evolution of Paris as a Smart City.
Information: Robert Lue
Note: This is not a Harvard Summer School Program.
Prerequisites: Introductory coursework in basic biology, chemistry, physics, and math.
Information: Venkatesh N. Murthy or Ryan Draft
International Summer Undergraduate Research in Global Health (I-SURGH) I-SURGH offers Harvard undergraduates the opportunity to conduct cutting-edge global health research in an international setting. Students in I-SURGH receive a stipend to cover travel costs to and from their site, living expenses, and local transportation. Unfortunately Harvard Global Health Institute cannot cover the summer savings requirement for I-SURGH students who are on financial aid. Once accepted to their site, participants in I-SURGH meet with a Harvard faculty member to develop a project that falls within the research agenda of the site. Throughout the summer, students work with a local mentor who supervises their daily work. While all returning Harvard College undergraduates are eligible to apply for an I-SURGH placement, preference is given to sophomores and juniors.
The Office of Career Services (OCS) awards funding for research abroad, including both Harvard Summer School Study Abroad and non-Harvard International programs. The David Rockefeller International Experience Grant , which is a need-based grant aimed at students who have not previously received Harvard international funding, supports many of these awards. Award amounts vary. The purpose of the grant is to afford all students the opportunity to take part in a significant international experience, regardless of financial background. See the Office of Career Services Summer Funding webpage for more information.
Herchel Smith-Harvard Undergraduate Science Research Program – Primarily directed toward students intending to pursue research-intensive concentrations and post-graduate study in the sciences. Undergraduate research either at Harvard or elsewhere, including internationally. Applications from the Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships .
Harvard College Research Program (HCRP) – Summer stipend that can be applied towards travel expenses. Applications from the Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships at 77 Dunster Street.
Weissman International Internship – Research abroad for returning Harvard undergraduates. Average award ~$4000. More information and applications available through OCS.
Deadline: See the Office of Careers Summer Funding webpage
Booth Fund Fellowship - For seniors to engage in a program of travel, study, research or observation that will further expand and challenge an existing interest in a particular field.
Rosenkrantz Travel Grants
This grant program is exclusively for concentrators in History and Science. It allows motivated rising juniors (who have completed sophomore tutorial) and who are concentrating in history and science to devise a short but meaningful plan of travel and academic discovery in the United States or abroad. This grant program may serve as the first stage of research towards a senior thesis or junior research paper, but there is no requirement that it do so. The only requirement is a sincere passion for adventure and exploration, and a willingness to prepare well for the experience.
Please visit the Department of Physics webpage for more information: https://www.physics.harvard.edu/academics/undergrad/summer
Please visit the Harvard Mathematics Department webpage for more information: http://abel.harvard.edu/research/index.html
Undergraduate Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences
Please visit SEAS website for more information: https://www.seas.harvard.edu/faculty-research/research-opportunities
David Rockefeller International Experience Grant The David Rockefeller International Experience Grants were established in 2009 by David Rockefeller SB ’36, LLD ’69 to give students the opportunity to gain a broader understanding of the world beyond the U.S. or their home country, and to learn about other countries and peoples by spending time immersed in another culture. The purpose of the grant is to afford all students the opportunity to take part in a significant international experience, regardless of financial constraints.
A significant international experience may consist of:
Propelling a course-based undergraduate research experience using an open-access online undergraduate research journal.
The University of British Columbia has developed a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) that engages students in authentic molecular microbiology research. This capstone course is uniquely built around an open-access online undergraduate research journal entitled Undergraduate Journal of Experimental Microbiology and Immunology (UJEMI). Students work in teams to derive an original research question, formulate a testable hypothesis, draft a research proposal, carry out experiments in the laboratory, and publish their results in UJEMI. The CURE operates in a feed forward manner whereby student-authored UJEMI publications drive research questions in subsequent terms of the course. Progress toward submission of an original manuscript is scaffolded using a series of communication assignments which facilitate formative development. We present a periodic model of our CURE that guides students through a research cycle. We review two ongoing course-based projects to highlight how UJEMI publications prime new research questions in the course. A journal-driven CURE represents a broadly applicable pedagogical tool that immerses students in the process of doing science.
Becoming a scientist is a complex endeavor that requires multiple levels of development. An essential goal for any successful undergraduate program in STEM is to provide opportunities for students to develop skills in the context of being able to do real-world science ( Laursen et al., 2010 ; American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2011 ; Feldman et al., 2013 ). To support students as scientists in training, activities in the curriculum ought to ensure that students acquire technical skills, the ability to read and interpret scientific literature, learn how to design experiments, document observations, analyze and interpret data, and have the opportunity to disseminate research findings ( Coil et al., 2010 ). These fundamental skills form a foundation to support higher order activities including innovation, teamwork, self-authorship, expert thinking, collaboration, and meaningful engagement with the scientific community. Collectively, this developmental process can be described as scientific enculturation ( Florence and Yore, 2004 ; Auchincloss et al., 2014 ; Linn et al., 2015 ).
Scientific enculturation requires opportunities for students to “do science” ( Linn et al., 2015 ). Research experiences and mentorship from scientists are needed for students to acquire on the ground training, disciplinary knowledge and understanding of the scientific method ( Linn et al., 2015 ; Estrada et al., 2018 ). Several types of undergraduate research opportunities have been documented to provide a range of different scientific experiences ( Lopatto, 2004 , 2010 ; Seymour et al., 2004 ; Russell et al., 2007 ; Sadler et al., 2010 ; Linn et al., 2015 ; Robnett et al., 2015 ). Credit-based undergraduate research opportunities include protocol-driven teaching laboratories, inquiry-based teaching laboratories such as course-based undergraduate research experience (CUREs), and research internships. While protocol-driven teaching labs generally involve activities where the experimental results are known at the outset, at least to the instructor ( Weaver et al., 2008 ), CUREs and research internships tend to address novel research questions where the experimental outcome is usually unknown ( Auchincloss et al., 2014 ; Beck et al., 2014 ). Research internships, often called directed studies or honors thesis projects, typically have a one-to-one structure where an undergraduate student mentee is paired with a more senior scientist as a mentor ( Shapiro et al., 2015 ). With capable mentors, internships can provide high quality research experiences; however, because mentor:mentee pairings tend to be self-selecting, student diversity, and equitable access can be limited ( Bangera and Brownell, 2014 ). In contrast, CUREs are designed to be scalable and accessible by accommodating a few to several hundred student mentees to one or more faculty mentors ( Linn et al., 2015 ). The course-based nature of CUREs also means that lectures and tutorials can be paired with research activities to provide consistent training in fundamental research skills. CUREs are a rapidly growing pedagogical model for teaching science curricula to promote enculturation and scientific identity among all students in a program, and not an exclusive few ( Bangera and Brownell, 2014 ; Esparza et al., 2020 ).
Auchincloss et al. (2014) proposed that science-based CUREs can be defined by five main domains in which students: (1) engage in scientific practices, which include technical skills development and the use of the scientific method, (2) experience discovery, as the outcome of an experiment is not known by the students or the instructor at the outset, (3) pursue research questions with broad relevance and meaning beyond the classroom setting, (4) collaborate with their peers, as fellow scientists, and sometimes with practicing scientists in the broader community, and (5) iterate, as experiments are repeated, refined, and cross-examined to generate more robust models and concrete knowledge. Taken together, these domains provide students with an experience that integrates the complex facets of doing authentic research ( Brownell et al., 2015 ). As a result, positive outcomes of CUREs on student development have been documented in several areas of research competency including science identity and confidence, content knowledge, and science literacy ( Brownell et al., 2015 ; Olimpo et al., 2016 ).
A broad range of science-based CUREs have been developed within disciplines (e.g., biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, geography) as well as across disciplines ( Brownell et al., 2015 ; Kerr and Yan, 2016 ; Sarmah et al., 2016 ; Shanle et al., 2016 ; Alford et al., 2017 ; Ballen et al., 2017 ; Ayella and Beck, 2018 ; Light et al., 2019 ; Shelby, 2019 ; Stoeckman et al., 2019 ; Wolkow et al., 2019 ). Bhattacharyya et al. (2020) showcase the wide range of diversity in CURE design ( Bhattacharyya et al., 2020 ). Some CURE courses focus on one main biological model such as expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene in yeast ( Brownell et al., 2015 ), protein interactions with Mer tyrosine kinase ( Shelby, 2019 ), mutagenesis of lactate dehydrogenase ( Ayella and Beck, 2018 ), or the effect of nicotine and caffeine on the development of zebrafish ( Sarmah et al., 2016 ). Some involve students collaborating with an outside institution to conduct their research projects such as the Rosetta Research Experience for Undergraduates where students undertake their CUREs outside of the institution following a 2 weeks programming boot camp ( Alford et al., 2017 ). Others involve consecutive CURE courses taken throughout a student’s degree that progressively building a single research topic (e.g., antibiotic resistance) ( Light et al., 2019 ).
Here we review a capstone CURE developed at the University of British Columbia that centers around student-driven microbiology-based projects, and culminates in the generation of original research articles published in an online undergraduate research journal titled the Undergraduate Journal of Experimental Microbiology and Immunology (UJEMI). We describe the structure and function of our CURE model and discuss UJEMI as a tool with the potential to objectively assess student development and observe the process of scientific enculturation. We hope that insights gleaned from our experiences may be helpful to others seeking to design and understand the pedagogical value of CUREs.
The University of British Columbia’s (UBC) Point Grey campus located in Vancouver, Canada is a large research intensive post-secondary institution which serves over 45,000 undergraduate students and 10,000 graduate students annually ( The University of British Columbia, 2020 ). Since 2001, UBC has been developing a capstone molecular microbiology CURE that serves students in the final year of their 4 year undergraduate program offered by the Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Initially starting out as an optional course enrolling a few students, the course is now required for graduation and has grown to accommodate up to 60 students per semester, totaling approximately 120 students per academic year. Prior to enrolling in the CURE, students are required to complete two lab courses. One is a traditional, protocol-driven lab while the other is a guided inquiry-based lab; together they provide students with fundamental knowledge and skills required to begin working independently in a molecular microbiology laboratory. Resourced with a single instructor and one to two graduate student teaching assistants, the CURE unfolds over 16 weeks (September–December or January–April).
The course is equipped with four learning centers: an interactive classroom lecture (1.5–3 h per week), a team-based meeting (1 h per week), web-based resources including classroom management tools for communication and an open-access undergraduate research journal 1 , and a wet-bench research laboratory outfitted with the majority of the tools necessary to conduct microbiology and molecular biology which is open to students throughout the week. In addition, students are encouraged to interact with researchers working in grant-funded laboratories at UBC, which increases the scope and breadth of the scientific and technological resources available in the course.
The primary instructor of the CURE manages our undergraduate research journal, UJEMI. The structure and function of UJEMI have been previously described ( Sun et al., 2020 ). Briefly, the CURE instructor mentors graduate student editors employed as teaching assistants over the summer months to administer a student-centered peer-review experience, and prepare the manuscripts for online publication ( Sun et al., 2020 ). In addition to papers generated from research conducted in our CURE, UJEMI invites submissions from undergraduate students doing scientific research projects in microbiology and/or immunology at accredited universities around the world. Taken together, UJEMI provides a platform for undergraduate researchers to participate in the authentic process of research dissemination as published authors, and the novel findings published as UJEMI articles drive new research questions in our CURE term after term.
Our CURE is divided into three phases where students engage in planning, experimentation, and dissemination, respectively ( Figure 1 ). Writing assignments are used to scaffold the process and provide clear milestones as the course unfolds.
Figure 1. Research cycle over a 16 week academic term. Planning, experimentation, and dissemination phases are denoted. Due dates for communication assignments and feedback scaffolding the CURE are shown on the periphery. Individual proposals are submitted after the first week of classes. The team proposal is submitted at the conclusion of the planning phase in week 6. Teams conduct oral presentations on week 12 at the beginning of the dissemination phase. Draft manuscripts are submitted at the end of week 14 and the final manuscript just before the end of the course around week 15.
The planning phase (weeks 1–6) begins by directing students to papers published in UJEMI by former students in the course. Students review the UJEMI literature and consider the data and proposed models. Students are encouraged to link their reading to the broader literature. Based on their reading, individual students submit a flowchart as well as a 1-page letter of intent explaining their proposed research question, hypothesis, experimental questions, and potential outcomes. Students also present a brief feasibility analysis. Written feedback on each proposal is provided by the instructor and teaching assistant(s) (week 2). Teaching assistants in the CURE are typically senior graduate students with backgrounds in microbiology and/or immunology who have a demonstrated aptitude for experimental research and teaching.
During the planning phase, students self-assemble into teams of 3 or 4 people and are assigned a weekly meeting time. Each team evaluates each individual proposal and selects a lead project to carry forward for the term. The team’s decision considers the potential scientific impact of the project, areas of development that individuals or the team would like to pursue (e.g., experience with a specific technique), feasibility, and the risk to reward ratio. The course learning objectives do not include a prescribed set of techniques that the students must learn; rather the focus is on working through a hypothesis-driven research project using the tools best suited to address the research question.
The team then moves into a series of team meetings in which the lead proposal is developed (weeks 2–6). The instructor and teaching assistants provide guidance as students refine their proposal to ensure that their hypothesis is testable, that their experiments are well designed and technically feasible, that they are sourcing reliable protocols and methods, and that they create strategies to execute their project within the constraints of the course (e.g., time, resources, expertise). It is important to note that the instructor and teaching assistants do not direct project development, but instead facilitate the process. The students are expected to guide their own research direction, which promotes project ownership. The development of a novel research question and self-directed approach to project management are elements of CUREs that have shown to increase student perceptions of ownership over their own projects and the outcomes associated with their projects ( Cooper et al., 2019 ). This planning phase concludes with submission and feedback on an extensive team-based proposal that details the scientific background, hypothesis, experimental aims, protocols, and methods, laboratory safety considerations, a timeline, and pitfalls and workarounds (week 8). The team proposal becomes a road map for the project.
The experimentation phase is carried over weeks 6–12. Student teams are assigned a lab bay and prepare their own reagents including stock solutions and growth media. They also design primers and culture lab-based Escherichia coli strains which they can request from the course strain collection, the Coli Genetic Stock Center at Yale University, or from academic researchers around the world who have published strain descriptions. Students plan their own lab work schedules and are encouraged to divide the work amongst their team members so as not to over burden any one individual. The lab is open during the week from approximately 8a.m. to 5p.m. and students come and go during the day. Although we don’t monitor the time spent working on the project, student teams are given the same explicit deadlines. We estimate that individual students spend approximately 4–6 h per week working on their project which, if equitably distributed across their team, accounts for about 16–24 h of team-based lab work per week. Instructors and teaching assistants are available for guidance and demonstrations of technical steps. Similar to most research experiences, experiments rarely work on the first attempt and students often repeat steps before achieving a result. Bi-weekly written research reports and team meetings are used for reflection and feedback (weeks 9, 11, and 13). Students are often able to troubleshoot their own experiments after systematic reflection in written form. The experimentation phase concludes with an oral presentation to the class summarizing their research question and findings (week 12). Peer- and instructor-based feedback is gathered to support the dissemination phase.
The final phase involves dissemination of research results in the form of an original research article (weeks 12–16). Building off instructor and peer feedback from their oral presentation, as well as classroom activities in which strategies for drafting an original research manuscript are discussed, the students assemble their data as figures and tables and attempt to construct a coherent story. Instructors and teaching assistants provide guidance especially with deeper data analysis and reaching well-supported conclusions to provide students with enough scaffolding to facilitate the drafting process. Student teams submit a draft manuscript, formatted as per the Instructions for Authors guidelines set out by the Journal of Bacteriology. The manuscripts are reviewed by the instructor and teaching assistants (week 15) and returned to the student teams for revision (week 16). Students revise their work (often extensively) prior to final submission and provide a response to reviewers (week 16). A course grade is not assigned until the paper is accepted for publication in UJEMI. Students have the option of advancing their manuscript to a peer review phase if their work communicates a bona fide well-controlled finding (either negative or positive data). The peer review process extends beyond the end of the course ( Sun et al., 2020 ). Importantly, papers published in UJEMI serve as fuel for the next iteration of the course, and the research cycle continues.
Over 4 months, student teams work through a research cycle ( Figure 1 ). The publication of a UJEMI article creates a body of knowledge that can be used to derive new research questions. A broad range of projects have been developed by students in the course that span the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, and microbiology. Projects include research on bacteriophage ( Chiu et al., 2017 ; Dimou et al., 2019 ), bacteria ( Cramb et al., 2015 ; Backstrom et al., 2017 ; Hartstein et al., 2017 ), and yeast ( Goldhawke et al., 2016 ), as well as Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host organism ( James et al., 2018 ; Cheng et al., 2019 ). Students have employed a wide range of microbiology and molecular biology techniques including standard PCR, quantitative PCR, Gibson’s cloning, flow cytometry, and Next Generation Sequencing. As of 2019, UJEMI had published 493 original research articles solely authored by undergraduate students. Individual articles investigating common research questions can be clustered into ongoing course-based projects. Two ongoing research projects are summarized in Supplementary Table S1 and are mapped chronologically in Figure 2 . We review these two projects as case studies to provide insight into how research evolves over multiple terms of the course.
Figure 2. UJEMI case studies demonstrate how each CURE build on each other over time. (A) Left: working model of proteins involved in the secretion of capsule in E. coli strain K30 (reprinted with permission, Yuen et al., 2017 ). Gene products discussed include Wza (red), Wzb (green), Wzc (blue). Capsule subunits are shown in small blue and black circles. Auxiliary secretion machinery subunits (Wzx, Wzy) are not discussed in the text. Right: Plasmid map, PI2-MBP fusion protein domain architecture, and primary amino acid sequence of PI2 (reprinted with permission, Grewal et al., 2020 ). Cysteine residues are shown in bold font. (B) Chronology of ongoing CURE-based research projects published in UJEMI investigating the capsule on antibiotic resistance (left, blue/red project nodes) and the expression and purification of protease inhibitor 2 (PI2) (right, purple/red project nodes). Projects are labeled with the name of the first author in the corresponding UJEMI publication (refer to Supplementary Table S1 ). Projects sharing similar research aims are depicted as the same shape project node. The red project nodes represent research articles describing key advancements in each project.
It has been suggested that capsule, a discrete layer of polysaccharide linked to the cell surface of some bacteria including E. coli , could create a physical barrier to impede the movement of molecules such as antibiotics into the cell ( Slack and Nichols, 1982 ). Decreased intracellular concentration of the antibiotic may result in tolerance to high extracellular concentration of the antibiotic (i.e., increased resistance). Several mechanisms of capsule mediated resistance have been proposed including the idea that charged-based interactions between capsular polysaccharides and antibiotics may slow diffusion across the membrane ( Slack and Nichols, 1982 ). Further, the regulation of capsule synthesis has been linked to stress response regulons in E. coli ( Gottesman and Stout, 1991 ), leading to the notion that stress such as exposure to antibiotics may play a role in the regulation of capsule expression.
This project first began in our course when a student team decided to investigate the effects of sub-lethal doses of the antibiotics streptomycin and kanamycin on the synthesis of macromolecules in E. coli strain B23 ( Chung et al., 2006 ). The students measured an increase in the concentration of hexose, a component of capsule, after treatment with the sub-lethal doses of the antibiotics ( Chung et al., 2006 ). This study was followed up by two student teams who hypothesized that E. coli strain B23 treated with sub-lethal doses of kanamycin and streptomycin would increase capsule production ( Ganal et al., 2007 ; Lu et al., 2008 ). The students found that capsule production increased following sublethal treatment with streptomycin and kanamycin ( Ganal et al., 2007 ; Lu et al., 2008 ). However, follow-up studies were unable to link this phenotype with increased resistance to streptomycin ( Fowler et al., 2009 ; Naimi et al., 2009 ), and increased resistance to kanamycin was observed in two studies ( Kam et al., 2009 ; Al Zahrani et al., 2013 ), but not in a third ( Drayson et al., 2011 ).
In 2014, the student team of Parmar et al. followed up on a report published in the journal Environmental Science and Pollution Research by researchers outside of the course suggesting that tetracycline interacts with capsular polysaccharides ( Song et al., 2013 ). Parmar et al. asked whether capsule deficient mutants showed decreased resistance to tetracycline. The results of this study did not show a change in resistance to tetracycline (or streptomycin) in the capsular mutants ( Parmar et al., 2014 ).
In 2014, the student team of Botros et al. initiated a new arm of the project by devising a screen to ask whether or not capsule contributes to resistance against a panel of 10 antibiotics representing different structural classes. The students drew upon the extensive research of Dr. Chris Whitfield at Guelph University in Canada whose lab has constructed defined deletion strains of the capsule secretion machinery in E. coli strain K30 ( Figure 2A left; Whitfield, 2006 ). The students contacted Dr. Whitfield who generously provided wild type E. coli strain K30 and an isogenic strain (Δ wza−wzb−wzc ) bearing a deletion of the genes encoding the outer membrane channel protein (Wza), the intermembrane ATPase (Wzb), and the inner membrane bound phosphatase (Wzc). Botros et al. developed a disk diffusion assay to semi-quantitatively compare the resistance of capsule deficient mutant strains and the wild type strain. After optimization, the disk diffusion assay was shown to be efficient and reliable. The results showed statistically significant differences in the zones of inhibition between the wild type and a capsule deficient mutant when treated with erythromycin and nitrofurantoin. Interestingly, resistance to erythromycin increased in the capsule deficient strain whereas resistance to nitrofurantoin decreased. Botros et al. chose to focus on the erythromycin result and followed up by showing that the phenotype was also observed for other macrolide antibiotics (e.g., clarithromycin, roxithromycin) but not for a ketolide (e.g., telithromycin). The student team concluded that deletion of the E. coli K30 group I capsule biosynthesis genes wza, wzb , and wzc confers capsule-independent resistance to macrolide antibiotics ( Botros et al., 2015 ).
The next series of course projects utilized single gene deletion strains of Δ wza ,Δ wzb ,Δ wzc contributed again by Dr. Whitfield. After corroborating the results of Botros et al., student teams went on to show that deletion of wza is sufficient in conferring resistance to the macrolide erythromycin ( Su et al., 2017 ) whereas deletion of wzb is not ( Rana et al., 2016 ). Students also tested a Δ wzc deletion mutant which also showed a partially macrolide resistant phenotype ( Jazdarehee et al., 2017 ).
The next set of student team projects asked whether complementation of wza in a strain bearing a deletion of this gene would restore the wild type (less erythromycin resistant) phenotype. The first attempt involved PCR amplification of the wza gene product and ligation into the TA TOPO cloning vector ( Yuen et al., 2017 ). The student team of Yuen et al. designed PCR primers to amplify a product encompassing the putative wza promoter region to allow constitutive wza expression. The team obtained clones which they analyzed using Sanger sequencing. All of the inserts were found to be oriented in the same direction opposing the plasmid borne lac promoter sequence used for blue/white screening. The team surmised that the wza gene product may be lethal when overexpressed. Based on these results, the student team of Pochanart et al. decided to subclone the wza gene into a pBAD24 vector which encodes a promoter that can be upregulated and downregulated with the addition of media-based L-arabinose or glucose, respectively ( Pochanart et al., 2018 ). The students were able to obtain clones which were verified by Sanger sequencing. Growth experiments showed that the high inducer concentration reduced the growth rate of the clones transformed with the wza- containing plasmid ( Pochanart et al., 2018 ). This was consistent with the previous suggestion that overexpression of wza may be lethal ( Yuen et al., 2017 ). The next student project set out to optimize the concentration of arabinose inducer to minimize the effect on growth rate ( Abuan et al., 2018 ). After optimizing the inducer concentration, the students were able to show that in a strain bearing a deletion of wza , arabinose induction of a plasmid-encoded copy of wza was sufficient to restore erythromycin sensitivity of a Δ wza deletion strain using a disk diffusion assay ( Abuan et al., 2018 ).
Students have started to explore the structure and function of the outer membrane channel protein Wza to understand how it is linked to the macrolide sensitivity. Using the crystal structure Wza ( Dong et al., 2006 ), Su et al were able to measure the diameter, electrostatic properties and hydrophobicity of the pore. The students estimated the Wza pore to have a diameter of approximately 17 angstroms whereas the approximate size of erythromycin is 12 angstroms, suggesting that the channel may be sufficiently large enough to accommodate the antibiotic. The team acknowledged that electrostatic interactions and hydrophobicity of the Wza channel may also influence antibiotic movement through the channel. The student team of Chiu et al. (2017) followed up with a study that tested mutant specific tolerance to macrolides with different structural properties including erythromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin, and telithromycin. The authors reported that wza linked resistance was observed for erythromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin but not for telithromycin, the latter having distinctive aromatic rings and ketone groups. Chiu et al. (2017) speculated that the additional ketone groups on telithromycin may increase its polarity which may influence how it crosses the membrane relative to the other tested macrolides. Surprisingly, a single wza deletion mutant was shown to be more resistant than a Δ wza−wzb−wzc triple deletion mutant when treated with azithromycin, perhaps insinuating a more complex, structure-specific model of antibiotic uptake ( Chui et al., 2017 ).
The students have proposed a range of models to explain how deletion of Δ wza renders E. coli strain K30 resistant to macrolides. Su et al. (2017) suggested a model in which Wza stabilizes other outer membrane proteins involved in outer membrane integrity. Botros et al. suggested that the formation of K-LPS in the absence of the capsule secretion genes alter the stability of permeability of the outer membrane (personal communication with Dr. Chris Whitfield, 46). Finally, several studies on the macrolide resistant phenotype linked to wza have observed that the effect is limited to experiments done on solid media (disk diffusion assays) as opposed to liquid media (broth dilution assays) ( Rana et al., 2016 ; Jazdarehee et al., 2017 ; Su et al., 2017 ). How the nature of the growth media influences the observed phenotype remains an open question. The student team of James et al. (2020) have asked whether the discrepancy between experiments performed in liquid vs. solid phase media reflect a phenotype related to biofilm formation ( James et al., 2020 ). While a compelling hypothesis, James et al. reported that their data showed no correlation between biofilm production in liquid media and erythromycin resistance in E. coli K30 wild-type, Δ wza , and Δ wza−wzb−wzc ( James et al., 2020 ).
A recent study by the student team of Gu et al. (2018) revisited the initial data describing the antibiotic screen published by Botros et al. (2015) . Gu et al. (2018) were specifically interested in the observation that a triple deletion of Δ wza−wzb−wzc results in a decreased resistance to the antibiotic nitrofurantoin. Following an extensive effort to verify the DNA sequence of each of the mutations in each strain, the students showed that deletion of wzb is sufficient to decrease resistance to nitrofurantoin. To explain their data, Gu et al. (2018) present a working model in which nitrofurantoin toxicity is reduced in the absence of the wzb phosphatase, possibly by increasing the concentration of a phosphorylated form of a putative reductase.
The production of recombinant protein in a functionally folded conformation is a long-standing challenge faced by many microbiologists and biotechnologists ( Rosano et al., 2019 ). The expression of proteins containing disulphide bonds in prokaryotic organisms such as E. coli is confounded by the naturally occurring net reducing redox state of the cytosol ( Ren et al., 2016 ). Interested in better understanding the function of the reductase protein domain thioredoxin (Trx) that has been shown to promote the solubility of fusion proteins containing disulphide bonds, Shah (2004) initiated a study within our CURE to investigate the effect of a Trx fusion on solubility of proteinase inhibitor 2 (PI2) from potatoes. PI2 is a relatively small 21 kDa, dimeric, cysteine-rich, heat-stable, endo-acting peptidase that inhibits chymotrypsin and trypsin protein containing 16 cysteine residues predicted to form 8 disulphide bonds ( Keil et al., 1986 ). Using a plasmid containing the PI2 gene sequence that was donated to the course, several iterative attempts were made at cloning the gene into the pET32 expression vector (Invitrogen) ( Kazem, 2004 ; Shah, 2004 ; Park, 2006 ; Duronio, 2012 ; Przeworski et al., 2015 ). The student team of Geum et al. eventually constructed a PI2-Trx fusion plasmid that was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis, however, overexpression of the PI2-Trx protein product was not observed in whole cell lysates of E. coli strain BL21(DE3) using SDS-PAGE analysis stained with Coomassie blue. Geum et al. tentatively concluded that pET32 and/or strain BL21(DE3) may not be a suitable expression vector/host for overexpression of PI2. In section “Future directions,” the authors suggested Sanger sequencing to rule out mutations within their construct as well as Western blots as a more sensitive method of analysis ( Geum et al., 2015 ).
In 2016, the student team of Fogarty et al. (2016) revisited the PI2 expression project. They began by using Sanger sequencing to determine the DNA sequence of the pi2 insert and its genetic fusion to the thioredoxin domain ( Fogarty et al., 2016 ). The authors analyzed the resulting DNA sequence to discover that the insert contained eukaryotic introns that resulted in a truncated protein due to an in-frame stop codon. The potato-derived pi2 gene sequence also contained codons rarely used in E. coli . Fogarty et al. (2016) therefore adapted their project goal to design a version of the pi2 sequence that lacked introns and was codon optimized for expression in E. coli . The team had their newly engineered DNA sequence synthesized as a gene block which they subcloned into a TOPO TA cloning plasmid. The next term, the student team of Lapointe et al. explored whether or not the newly designed pi2 would be expressed when fused to either a maltose binding protein (MBP) domain or a hexahistidine tag (6XHis). The team subcloned the engineered pi2 sequence from the TOPO TA plasmid construct into the commercially available pMALc2x and pET30b expression vectors that encode MBP and 6xHis tags, respectively ( Figure 2A right). Expression analysis in BL21(DE3) transformed with each plasmid revealed a band in SDS-PAGE gels corresponding to the predicted molecular mass of PI2 fused to the MBP tag, although some protein degradation products were observed ( Lapointe et al., 2016 ). Lapointe et al were the first to demonstrate PI2 expression and purification in our lab.
Ang et al. (2017) then opened a new branch of the project in our CURE by exploring whether or not altering the expression conditions or the cytosolic redox state of the E. coli expression host would impact PI2 expression levels. The authors compared PI2-MBP expression levels in E. coli strain Origami 2 (DE3) and E. coli wild type strain BL21(DE3). Origami 2 (DE3) bears mutations in glutaredoxin ( gor ) and thioredoxin ( trxB ) resulting in a net oxidizing cytoplasm. E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) encodes wild type copies of gor and trxB resulting in a net reducing cytoplasm. Contrary to their hypothesis predicting higher expression levels of the cysteine rich PI2 in E. coli strain Origami 2, SDS PAGE analysis of whole cell lysates showed over-expressed protein corresponding with the molecular mass of PI2-MBP in BL21(DE3) but not in Origami 2 (DE3) ( Ang et al., 2017 ).
In 2019, the student team of Grewal et al. followed up by attempting to express PI2-MBP in E. coli strain SHuffle (C3028), which has a net oxidative cytoplasm ( Lobstein et al., 2012 ; Grewal et al., 2020 ). Unlike Origami 2, SHuffle expresses a disulfide bond isomerase, DsbC, that facilitates proper protein folding by disrupting the formation of non-native disulfide bonds ( Grewal et al., 2020 ). SDS PAGE analysis revealed a band that corresponds to the expected molecular mass of PI2-MBP. Using maltose affinity chromatography, the students purified a soluble form of PI2-MBP. They probed the tertiary structure of the protein using limited proteolysis and observed distinct bands indicative of a uniformly folded protein structure as opposed to an irregular aggregated protein. The team recommended follow up studies to further assess folding and function of purified PI2-MBP.
These two case studies describe a series of authentic scientific research projects that build on each other over time. Carried out by undergraduate student teams pursuing hypothesis-driven questions as part of a CURE, each individual research project focuses on novel investigations and original ideas that contribute to working biological models ( Figure 2A ). The two case studies follow distinct branching patterns which are defined by the results of experimentation and curiosity driven research questions depicted as nodes in Figure 2B .
Consistent with the use of original research articles as the conventional approach to the dissemination of research results in science, UJEMI articles serve as concise records of a series of small student-driven research projects that provide literature-based linkages between projects within the course. This model has been an effective approach to CURE development for several reasons. First, similar to a maturing grant-funded research laboratory, the accumulation of reagents, and scientific knowledge increases the power and efficiency of the ongoing research projects, which is motivating to students as it has the potential to yield more frequent, impactful, and exciting discoveries. Second, by focusing on novel research questions the participants engage in dynamic projects with broad meaning and relevance. In fact, UJEMI articles have been cited in articles published by well-established professional research journals ( Chang et al., 2010 cited in Burmeister et al., 2020 ). Third, the UJEMI literature-base creates a “community of practice.” At the outset of the course, students are introduced to the journal as a repository of scientific investigations conducted by students who have come before them. Similar to any research project, they begin by “standing on the shoulders of giants” and they are expected to meet or exceed the effort and scientific rigor of their predecessors.
Each phase of the course uses UJEMI articles to facilitate student learning. In the planning phase, students read UJEMI papers, and derive new, follow-up research questions. In the experimentation phase, students experimentally verify the reliability of data in previous UJEMI papers looking for similarities and differences in results and interpretation before conducting novel analysis. In the dissemination phase, UJEMI articles are used as models for constructing a draft paper, as well as providing points for discussion. While the dissemination phase is notably short (i.e., 2–3 weeks to draft a manuscript), the students become familiar with the structure and function of UJEMI articles over the term before authoring their own manuscript. We surmise that by extensively working with the UJEMI articles in different contexts, the task of drafting a manuscript is made more efficient by indirectly scaffolding the writing phase with activities throughout the term that are linked to journal articles.
UJEMI articles provide students with concrete research topics and summaries of future directions, which enables student-driven project development by allowing the course instructor to provide arms-length verbal and written feedback to facilitate project development. In the planning phase, the instructor and teaching assistants provide written feedback on the individual proposal as well as the team proposal. The instructor and teaching assistants are also able to use team meetings to highlight aspects of previous studies that may impact the proposed research. Instructors often point out key papers in the field that the team should be aware of, known study limitations, and available research methods. The influence of the instructor on project development is more apparent in the dissemination phase when feedback is provided on the draft manuscript. Most often the instructor and teaching assistants work with the student authors to refine their paper in order to communicate evidence-based conclusions, clarify definitions, and explain ideas for future experiments that are both feasible and relevant. In cases where the research is communicated effectively in a UJEMI article, student teams tend to follow up with new research projects. If the research is communicated poorly, the projects tend to stall.
The prospect of being an author on a scientific manuscript is an aspect of our CURE model that promotes project ownership. Student authorship has previously been shown to benefit learning and research skill development in the context of CUREs ( Cooper and Brownell, 2018 ; Corwin et al., 2018 ). All students participating in the course have the option of being included as an author on their team’s manuscript. The default approach to authorship order is alphabetically by last name; however, in some instances, teams have decided to change the authorship order to acknowledge specific contributions. To change from the alphabetically ordered authorship, all team members must approve. The team-based nature of the course, and co-authorship on a UJEMI publication, also promotes a sense of collaborative ownership of the project. For example, we observe a trend in our student’s written reflections about their research progress where they make statements moving from “…my project” to “…our project.” We hypothesize that systematic analyses of student reflections written over the course of the term will be a valuable metric to measure positive shifts in student confidence, ownership and the value of collaboration in the scientific process.
Analysis of individual UJEMI papers provides evidence of practices consistent with the notion of scientific enculturation. Case studies 1 and 2 include UJEMI articles that describe stages of scientific development in line with the outcomes of CURE participation predicted by Auchincloss et al. (2014) . For example, writing the Introduction and Discussion sections requires content knowledge supported by credible scientific literature. The Methods and Materials section, as well as the Results section, capture a range of technical skill development, as well as collaboration skills as students share reagents within the course and interact with practicing scientists in the field. Since experimentation rarely follows a direct path, students learn to adapt their project goals and navigate uncertainty in their data. The conclusions sections of UJEMI papers reflect scientific maturity, as conclusions and claims are adjusted to more accurately reflect the data. Taken together, the process of doing authentic research through a journal-driven CURE means that students are fully immersed in the scientific experience. In order to meet the goal of publishing a scientific journal article, students need to engage with each of the CURE domains which comprehensively integrate the complex and dynamic processes underpinning the development of a scientist. A scientific project culminating in an original research article is an effective product to teach the process of doing science.
UJEMI articles are rich sources of objective data for understanding how our students are developing as scientists. A meta-analysis conducted by Linn et al. (2015) reported that more than half of 60 studies on undergraduate research experiences relied on subjective student-based, self-reporting surveys or interviews. The results of the study called for powerful and generalizable assessments to document student development to complement student surveys of perceived learning ( Linn et al., 2015 ). Indeed, numerous studies have since described the development of validated and reliable survey instruments to assess student development in undergraduate research settings ( Corwin et al., 2015 ; Shortlidge and Brownell, 2016 ; Ballen et al., 2017 ). Toward this end, we have collected preliminary data using the laboratory course assessment survey (LCAS) ( Corwin et al., 2015 ) which showed student perceptions of learning aligned with the core domains of a CURE as outlined by Auchincloss et al. (2014) . We are beginning to data mine and develop coding schemes for UJEMI articles to provide evidence of student learning within each domain of our CURE. One example is an assessment of scientific methodologies and skills developed as part of the CURE. Analysis of the Methods and Materials section of UJEMI articles provide evidence of techniques used by students in the course. Our preliminary data show that almost all student teams engage in E. coli strain isolation, PCR, Sanger Sequencing, and assay development/optimization. Since the projects are student-driven, the portfolio of techniques is not always predictable. Nevertheless, knowing what techniques are most commonly used helps the teaching team tailor scaffolding activities to guide student learning in the course. As a second example, evidence of collaboration can be gleaned from analyzing the Methods and Materials section as well as the Acknowledgments section of papers. Teams often recognize the contributions of other students in the course as well as researchers within and beyond the boundaries of our institution. Collaboration data informs course instructors of instances where scientific interactions can be fostered and better supported in future iterations of the course. We are also conducting deeper analyses of the writing assignments used to scaffold our CURE. Artifacts of learning, such as bi-weekly research summaries or research proposals, provide detailed accounts of activities including troubleshooting, reflection, and planning. We anticipate that additional meta-analyses of UJEMI papers, and associated writing assignments, will provide valuable integrated metrics of student development as scientists. Analyses over time will also provide dynamic perspectives reflecting the inner workings of our CURE to inform future curricula development to continually refine how best to meet the needs of our students.
The CURE described herein challenges students to develop and execute a novel research project with the goal of delivering a publication quality scientific manuscript in only 4 months. From the outset of the CURE, the students are made aware that their goal can be achieved by working as a team in a disciplined manner through a series of structured assignments that contribute to each research phase. A 2016 survey of alumni ( n = 67) from our program showed that 93.9% of the respondents perceived their CURE experience as worthwhile, with 49 students (74.2%) indicating that the experience was “definitely” worthwhile and 13 students (19.7%) indicating that the experience was “somewhat” worthwhile. Three students (4.5%) indicated that the experience “had no value to them” and one student (1.5%) indicated that they felt the experience was “not a good use of their time.” These survey data were supported by comments which included these reflections from two alumni:
“ Being able to do a project from scratch with so much freedom is something that I have not yet seen in any other course, but I feel is extremely important and helpful. In addition to the learning, the freedom was quite thrilling, it provided a feel of what science really is like (lots of time reading papers and troubleshooting), rather than sitting in a lecture theatre memorizing what a professor says, or following step by step procedures for an experiment I may not completely understand or care about how well the results for it turned out. ”
“ Overall, I think it was a really valuable experience, as all the other lab courses are basically cookbook style courses and here we were able to figure things out for ourselves and research what we were interested in. […] it seemed a little daunting when starting the course, but it was really a lot of fun in the long run and I think I learned a lot.”
These comments support the idea that student perceptions of learning align with the overall learning objectives of our CURE. Going forward we envision using mixed methods approaches combining validated survey instruments such as the LCAS, student reflections on learning, and coded analyses of learning artifacts such as UJEMI articles to better understand how CURE experiences can be designed and optimized to meet student needs.
Our journal-driven CURE model provides students with an opportunity to engage in a disciplined experience that guides them through three critical phases of doing science: planning, experimentation, and dissemination. We depict these phases and their corresponding writing assignments as a cycle ( Figure 1 ). Through iterative cycles of the course we have learned to appreciate the value of the time invested in each phase. A well-planned project with a testable hypothesis tends to provide concrete results and can be quite productive, especially in the context of a relatively short undergraduate course. The functional linkages between projects in the course underscore the value of the dissemination phase in terms of distilling information needed to carry on the project in another academic term. Further, the time constraint placed on the dissemination phase motivates students to summarize and communicate their findings in a timely manner. This model ostensibly reflects the process that most scientists would envision when taking on a new project; however, without structure, it is not uncommon for the planning and dissemination phases to be rushed or unbounded, respectively. Moreover, without formal milestones such as writing assignments, feedback critical for progressive development may be limited or absent altogether. We suggest that the research cycle model presented here may be useful, not only in CURE settings, but in other research settings in which trainees are developing including undergraduate internships or graduate studies.
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material , further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.
DO and MG performed the conceptualization and acquisition of funding. DO prepared the original draft. All authors participated in the preparation and editing of this manuscript.
Funding for the work presented in this manuscript was provided by the University of British Columbia’s Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UBC Skylight, and a grant awarded by UBC’s Program for Undergraduate Research Experience to DO and MG.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We thank Craig Kornak for his contributions to the artistic design of the figures. We also acknowledge Dr. William D. Ramey for his innovations, mentorship, and guidance in the development of our CURE.
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.589025/full#supplementary-material
Supplementary Table 1 | Metadata compilation of UJEMI articles discussed in the two case studies.
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Keywords : course-based undergraduate research experience, undergraduate research journal, scientific enculturation, pedagogy, curriculum, molecular microbiology, STEM-science technology engineering mathematics
Citation: Sun E, Graves ML and Oliver DC (2020) Propelling a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience Using an Open-Access Online Undergraduate Research Journal. Front. Microbiol. 11:589025. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.589025
Received: 30 July 2020; Accepted: 02 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020.
Reviewed by:
Copyright © 2020 Sun, Graves and Oliver. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: David C. Oliver, [email protected]
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
National Summer Undergraduate Research Project
If you are interested in being an NSURP 2024 mentor, please click here .
The National Summer Undergraduate Research Project (NSURP) is a virtual research program for that matches URM undergraduate students from across the U.S. to laboratory mentors around the world to conduct for an eight week, full time, research experience. All NSURP programming (research, seminars, meetings, etc.) takes place remotely. NSURP is a Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
The National Summer Undergraduate Research Project (NSURP) is designed to:
For more details, including Mentor FAQs, applying for or submit a project, or project ideas and implementation, check out the For Students and For Mentors pages.
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Nsurp updates: stats, cohort #2 cutoffs, and seminars, recent posts.
Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this page is to help undergraduates find faculty members who are looking for help on research projects. If you see a project you're interested in, click on "learn more" to find out the project details and then email the faculty member directly.
View our archived projects.
Veteran Students and Grief
We are interested in learning about the grief of students and how various student populations understand grief, experience grief, and subsequently cope with grief.
Dr. Emily Scheinfeld Dr. Chinasa Elue
Informal Caregivers' Experiences in Preventing and Managing Behavioral Symptoms in Persons with Dementia: A Qualitative Study
Are you passionate about helping others and making a real difference? Join our dynamic research team as a Research Assistant and be part of an innovative project developing a voice assistance app to support informal caregivers helping individuals with dementia.
Department of Nursing, Department of Computer Science
Modupe Adewuyi Xinyue Zhang
Numerical Analysis of Space Capsule Entry and Reentry Dynamics in the Martian Atmosphere
The research project aims to conduct a comprehensive numerical analysis of the entry and reentry dynamics of a space capsule within the Martian atmosphere.
Mechanical Engineering
Dr. Gaurav Sharma
Maya America: Journal of Essays, Commentary, and Analysis
The journal "Maya America: Journal of Essays, Commentary, and Analysis" is looking for a student to help take the journal to publication.
School of Music and Interdisciplinary Studies
Dr. Jesús Castro-Balbi Dr. Alan LeBaron
Gamified Virtual Reality Approach to Improve Dementia Behavioral Symptoms Management
This project aims to develop a gamified behavioral training application prototype that provides a safe and immersive learning platform.
Nursing, Software Engineering and Game Development
Dr. Modupe Adewuyi Dr. Joy Li
Remotely Controlled Radiation Capsule Design for Low-Risk Brachytherapy for Rapid Cancer Treatment
The project is exploring a new type of radiation capsule that can be remotely controlled using inductive coupling outside the body to block and release radiation with customized directionality. This enables precision dose delivery with a high dose rate for low-energy LDR radiation sources.
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, Biology, Nursing, Radiation Oncology
Dr. Hoseon Lee Dr. Chetan Dhital Dr. Tris Utshig Dr. Eduardo B. Farfan
Sustainable Livelihoods of Artisanal Alcohol in Cabo Verde
Alcohol is a unique commodity, as it can be both a liability and asset to societies worldwide. The objective of this project is to investigate the dynamics, opportunities, and downsides associated with artisanal alcohol in the context of economic retrenchment and regeneration opportunities through cultural asset management. The interdisciplinary researchers aim to study the complexities of artisanal alcohol as a commons problem that has the potential to both empower and imperil livelihoods.
Geography and Anthropology
Brandon D. Lundy Mark W. Patterson Monica H. Swahn Nancy H. Pullen
Understanding the Complete Spectrum of the Left-Wing and Environmental Movement: A Data Driven Approach
This research project aims to add to the understanding surrounding the degree and nature of terrorism, nonterrorist criminal activities, pre-incident behaviors, and failed/foiled plots perpetrated by those motivated by a left-wing and environmental ideology in the United States. More specifically, this project will utilize secondary sources (e.g., court records, media reports) to assess the modus operandi of left-wing and environmental violent extremists with a specific focus on indicators of malevolent creativity & innovation and criminal expertise.
Sociology & Criminal Justice
Dr. Michael Logan
Association of Hospital Unit Team Virtuousness Scores with Eight Hospital Unit Measures
This ongoing study is exploring the relationships between hospital unit team virtuousness scores and eight hospital unit measures. Team virtuousness refers to a team climate in which virtues and character strengths are practiced, supported, and encouraged.
Students who work on this study will help manage implementation of an online team virtuousness questionnaire and gather hospital unit data. A statistician will analyze the data to determine any associations between hospital unit team virtuousness scores and unit measures of quality of patient care, patient satisfaction, and unit staff engagement and turnover.
Lynn Varagona Nancy Ballard
Undergraduate Research Opportunity In The Field Of Population Genetics
Population genetics deals with genetic differences within and between populations and is a part of evolutionary biology. It is used to detect genetic diseases and genetic risk factors for multifactorial diseases, understand diseases using insights obtained from genetic risk factors and treat diseases using these insights. Theoretical population genetics bridges mathematics and evolutionary biology. The corner stone of population genetics is the Kingman coalescent. Using a new calculus, fractional calculus, we introduced the modified version of Kingman coalescent, which we call fractional coalescent. In this research, you will learn how by using Kingman's coalescent and fractional coalescent we could identify and understand the forces that produce and maintain genetic variation in populations.
Mathematics
Dr. Somayeh Mashayekhi
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
The Center for Machine Vision and Security Research (CMVSR) is pursuing innovative research projects falling in the areas of machine vision, pattern recognition, machine learning, convolutionary neural networks (CNN), artificial intelligence, and evolutionary computation.
Computer Science
Chih-Cheng Hung
Atlanta's Immigrant Crossroads: Untapped Potential or Utilized Promise for Newcomer Integration
Recently several municipalities in the Atlanta area have declared themselves “welcoming cities” to immigrants and refugees. Atlanta is a new immigrant gateway destination and a region at the crossroads of receptivity (Singer, Hardwick, and Brettel, 2008).
Geography & Anthropology, Social Work and Human Services
What Factors Impact Perceptions of Sexual Harassment
Sexual harassment is common in the workplace and college settings. This project aims at understanding what factors impact people's willingness to believe victims of sexual harassment.
Dr. Danica Kulibert
Assessing Potential Biomarkers for Postoperative Delirium
This project will assay potential biomarkers in blood samples drawn from postoperative patients who are assessed for delirium, for a project funded by the American Association of Clinical Care Nurses.
Dr. Doreen Wagner Dr. Susan M.E. Smith Dr. Sharon Pearcey
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MICROBIOLOGY PROJECT TOPICS. Below are some PROJECT TOPICS for your undergraduate and postgraduate (M.Sc. & Ph.D.) research studies. These project topics are only "suggestive in nature. This implies that they can be used as they are, or they can be modified and used as you so deem fit.
Ensure that your topic is feasible within the constraints of your academic or research environment. 100+ Microbiology Project Topics. Now, let's delve into our curated list of microbiology project topics across various sub-disciplines: Bacterial Microbiology. Role of quorum sensing in bacterial biofilm formation.
Microbiology is an experimental science, and the best way to understand microbiological principles and concepts is to become actively involved in research. The Microbiology department encourages students to become actively involved in an undergraduate research project in the laboratory of a Microbiology Department Faculty member. Undergraduate research experience will benefit you whether you ...
Find engaging microbiology project topics for undergraduates. Explore bacteria's roles in health, the environment, and food. Get inspired and dive into the world of tiny organisms! Choosing a microbiology project as an undergrad opens up a world of amazing tiny creatures that impact our lives in big ways. From how bacteria affect health to ...
Microbiology offers a vast array of exciting project topics spanning from basic research to applied and future-oriented studies. Whether you're interested in understanding the fundamentals of microbial growth, exploring cutting-edge technologies, or addressing real-world challenges, there's something for everyone in the world of ...
1. Investigating the effects of antimicrobial agents on bacterial growth: This project focuses on exploring the impact of different antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics or disinfectants, on the growth and survival of specific bacterial strains. 2. Studying the role of probiotics in gut microbiota composition.
Selected Research Projects. Microbiology students are engaged in undergraduate research projects in many departments across the OSU campus. Several past and present representative projects are listed below. Megan Reifenberg is studying the role of the HIV-1 promoter's role within in utero mother-to-child transmission, with Dr. Jesse Kwiek.
If yes, you will find these microbiology research topics for college students interesting. Using polymerase chain reaction to diagnose infectious diseases. Preliminary antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of coat and seed of citrus sinensis. Microbiology effect on mining. Human skin colonization by bacteria.
For undergraduates looking to start their degree or diploma research in Microbiology you may have a focus area or not. Check below list of Microbiology Project topics for Undergraduate students. Maybe you find a research topic that you can work on or use to derive a more relevant topic for yourself. 1.
Undergraduate university courses represent an excellent opportunity to introduce students of microbiology to the exciting and topically relevant field of microbiome research, as they represent the future leaders and global citizens that will be best equipped to dispel misconceptions and raise microbial literacy among the general public.
Use this form to get your research approved if it is outside of MICRO department. Microm 495. University Honors Program and Microbiology with Distinction students are required to carry out a research project (Microm 495). The procedures for identifying a research mentor and the necessary time commitments are similar to those for Microm 499, as ...
Through our research tutorial course — MIC 499 Independent Study — we give you opportunities to play a small role in a microbiology or immunology research project. You will gain valuable laboratory experience while earning one to eight credits.
Molecular and Cellular Biology; Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology; Neuroscience; Teaching Faculty; Research Faculty; Secondary and Adjunct; Emeritus Faculty; ... Examples of Undergraduate Research Projects Fall 2021 Projects. Student Research Proposal; Whitney Brown: Characterizing the role of FOXP3 in ccRCC: Ziche Chen:
Participating in research as an undergraduate can be a very rewarding experience. Approximately 90% of Biology majors pursue an independent research project at some point during their undergraduate careers; some also pursue honors, and some do not. Jump to: How to get started In-department research Out-of-department research Questions about ...
Microbiology is an experimental science, and the best way to understand microbiological principles and concepts is to become actively involved in research. The Microbiology department encourages students to become actively involved in an undergraduate research project in the laboratory of a Microbiology Department Faculty member. Undergraduate ...
The Cell Biology Research Scholars Program provides a 10-week full-time research opportunity to undergraduate students with a passion for scientific discovery and fundamental biology. Students will be hosted by faculty investigators to work on cutting-edge research projects and participate in training workshops and mentoring activities in ...
A broad range of projects have been developed by students in the course that span the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, and microbiology. Projects include research on bacteriophage (Chiu et al., 2017; Dimou et al., 2019), bacteria (Cramb et al., 2015; Backstrom et al., 2017; Hartstein et al., 2017), and yeast (Goldhawke et al., 2016 ...
NSURP Program Details. What: A NSF REU that connects underrepresented minoritized (URM) undergraduate students in STEM with mentors (PIs, or their designated lab members) in the Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Sciences.Mentors will supervise students in a remote-work summer research project. Students in the program will be expected to attend the seminar speakers and online ...
The goal of this team is to address issues of sustainability and resource utilization by using fungi in novel ways. From making foods to commodity chemicals and medicines, fungi possess an amazing capacity for biological conversion and synthesis. When approached from the perspective of a circular ...
Graduate Research Topics. Bacteriophage Ecology, History, and Behavior. Detection of other microbial species and the host environment by Salmonella. Biochemistry of central carbon metabolism. Molecular mechanisms of transcription elongation,elongation control of virulence genes in proteobacteria. Patrick Bradley. Human microbiome, bioinformatics.
Explore Kennesaw State's Undergraduate Research Projects Archive, showcasing completed student research projects through the years! ... A minimum GPA of 3.0 in a Biology related concentration is preferred. Additionally, students should be able to commit to at least two semesters of work in the Carpenter lab (including summers). Student ...
The 2024-2025 First-Year Scholars Projects are Live! The goal of this program is to introduce first-year students to the undergraduate research experience. There are projects in every college on all kinds of topics, many of which are interdisciplinary. We encourage students to apply for projects they find interesting, regardless of whether the ...
Project Field of Study. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, Biology, Nursing, Radiation Oncology. Faculty Mentor(s) Dr. Hoseon Lee Dr. Chetan Dhital Dr. Tris Utshig Dr. Eduardo B. Farfan. LEARN MORE